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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is health?
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"WHO Definition of Health (1946) - Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
(1984) not just a state but also a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities |
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What is the Ottawa Charter (1984)?
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"The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is the name of an international agreement signed at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Ottawa, Canada, in November 1986." |
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Who is the WHO? |
WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. |
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What is illness?
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is a feeling of unwell (felt by person) |
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What is sickness?
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is a way a culture or society influences a person's reactions |
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What is disease?
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pathological processes that produce symptoms |
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What are signs? |
(objective) by physican or lab scientist
e.g., high cholestoral in blood |
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What are symptoms? |
(subjective) by an individual; may seek care |
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What is a syndrome?
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"is a pattern of signs & symptoms without a biomedical understanding, that is seen frequently enough"
e.g., auto immune deficiency syndrome |
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What is a diagnosis?
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"recognizing and applying a label to a pattern of signs & symptoms that are understood of abnormal structure or function of cells, organs and systems." |
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What is impairment? |
any loss or abnormality of physiological, psychological, or anatomical structure or function, whether permanent or temporary |
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What is disability?
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a restriction in ability to perform a function resulting from impairment
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What is handicap?
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disadvantage that results when a disability or impairment limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role |
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What is public health?
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"Public health is defined as the organized efforts of society to keep persons healthy and prevent injury, illness and premature death. It is a combination of programs, services & policies that protect and promote the health of all Canadians. " |
organized efforts... |
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What is the difference between a health system and public health?
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"The public health part of this course is about keeping people healthy. |
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Who is Marc Lalonde?
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"The Lalonde Report is a 1974 report produced in Canada formally titled A new perspective on the health of Canadians. It proposed the concept of the ""health field"", identifying two main health-related objectives: the 1) health care system and 2) public health. |
a new perspective on the health of canadians
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What is a system?
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A complex whole; a set of connected things or parts; an organized body of material things. |
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What are some public health achievements? |
"vaccinations, motor vehicle saftey, loonger lifespans, safer workplace, safer food," |
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**** What are the 6 main public health functions? ***** |
Mnemonic - Double HH PIED
POPULATION INFORMATION
Disease Surveillence and Popl. Health Assessment
ACTION
Disease Prevention, Health Promotion, Health Protection, and Emergency Preparedness & Response
"Health promotion (e.g., nutrition); disease surveillance (e.g., cancer and HIV) ; disease prevention (e.g., workplace) ; population health assessment (e.g., health of different communities); health protection (e.g., environmental threats); emergency preparedness and response (e.g., sars) There seems to be some overlap. |
HH PIED |
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Does Canada have a Canadian Health System?
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No. Each province has individual responsibility over health care. (see Constitution Act) There isn't one _ there are 13 Provincial & Territorial Systems. The Constitution Act (1982) a modification of the British North America Act (1867) gave provinces the responsibility for health care |
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What is the Constitution Act?
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The Constitution Act (1982) a modification of the British North American Act (1867) that gave provinces responsibility for health care. |
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What are the 6 components of a health system?
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Mnemonic - LES triple HHH of health
1) Leadership & Governance - direction and accoutability
2)Health Financing - raise money and reduce health inequality
3)Human Resources for Health - well performing workforce
4) Health Information System - good information
5)Essential medical Technology - access to vaccines and medicine
6)Service Delivery - networks |
LES HHH |
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What is the Canadian Health Act?
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"An 1985 act relating to cash contributions by Canada and relating to criteria and conditions in respect of insured health services and extended health service. It require Requires Provinces to report to the Ministry of Health, who in turn is required to report to Parliament" |
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What does R.S.C. stand for?
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Royal Senate House of Commons |
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What are the five principles of the Canada Health Act? |
Mnemonic - A CUPP
Public Administration - not for profit; Comprehensiveness - all insured health services; Universality - 100% of insured persons in province; Portability - allows for payment in other provinces; Accessibility - financial charges must not impede access |
(PCUPA)
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What are the four conditions to receive funds from the federal government?
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Mnemonic - Inform the feds about sp extra charge user fee
Provision of Information to the Minister of Health ; Recognize the federal government for funding ; Specific provision of information on Extra Billing ; Specific provision of information on User Charges |
info, feds, sp extra, sp user
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Who is Emmett Hall?
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The father of medicare - Canada's publically funded universal health insurance system. |
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What was the value of Canada Health Transfer to provinces 2014-2015?
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32 billion
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What was the value of the Total Health Care spending in Canada and per-person spending in 2013?
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"$211 Billion, about $5988 a a person" |
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Why the Total Health Care Spending much larger than the value of the Canada Health Transfer?
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Each province has a set amount of money dedicated to health care as well; mostly tax revenue based; there is also some private money flowing around as well; not all is funded by federal government |
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How much of health care is privatey funded? Publically finded?
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"70% Publically funded, 30% Privately funded" |
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What is the difference between public health assessment and disease surveillence?
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"Both use health data as a foundation of public health. PHA - determinants of disease that are tracked using measured indicators + information for health promotion and health protection interventions, DS - reportable disease --> provides infor for disease and preventions and interventions"
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What are some of the12 determinants of health? |
determinant - the origin of a cause
Genetic and environmental |
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What is health promotion? |
encourage and enhance health
"Health promotion (e.g., nutrition) - Preventing disease, encouraging safe behaviours and improving health through public policy, community-based interventions, active public participation, and advocacy or action on environmental and socio-economic determinants of health."
healthy environment, health public policy, personal resiliency
e.g., bike pathways, recreational park, |
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What is health/disease surveillance? |
DS – reportable diseases
"Health surveillance (e.g., cancer and HIV) - The ongoing, systematic use of routinely collected health data for the purpose of tracking and forecasting health events or health determinants. Surveillance includes: collection and storage of relevant data; integration, analysis and interpretation of this data; production of tracking and forecasting products with the interpreted data, and publication/dissemination of those products; and provision of expertise to those developing and/or contributing to surveillance systems, including risk surveillance." |
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What is disease prevention?
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"disease and injury prevention (e.g., workplace) - Investigation, contact tracing, preventive measures to reduce the risk of infectious disease emergence and outbreaks, and activities to promote safe, healthy lifestyles to reduce preventable illness and injuries."
(e.g., immunizations, cancer screening) |
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What is population health assessment? |
PHA – determinants of health
"population health assessment (e.g., health of different communities) - Understanding the health of communities or specific populations, as well as the factors that underlie good health or pose potential risks, to produce better policies and services." |
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What is health protection?
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*regulation / enforcement
"health protection (e.g., environmental threats) - Actions to ensure water, air and food are safe, a regulatory framework to control infectious diseases, protection from environmental threats, and expert advice to food and drug safety regulators."
(e..g, environmental and occupational health, health inspectors, and sanitation) |
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What is emergency preparedness?
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"emergency preparedness and response (e.g., sars) - Planning for both natural disasters (e.g. floods, earthquakes, fires, dangerous infectious diseases) and man-made disasters (e.g. those involving explosives, chemicals, radioactive substances or biological threats) to minimize serious illness, overall deaths and social disruption."
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What is the Drummond Report? |
"Deficit-reduction report written by economist Don Drummond. Released on February 15 2012 around great hype, the report is intended to advise the government of Ontario on how to reduce the province's debt levels - the highest for any province in Canada." |
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How much did Ontario spend on health last year? |
~ 46 billion in 2012/2013 (39% of provincial spending)
Of this 11.3 Billion from Canada Health Transfer ~ 3000 / person
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What are the similarites and differences between Public health assessment and disease surveillance? |
There is overlap. Lack of clear and consistent definition of surveillance in PHAC and WHO.
Both - All about data at the population level.
PHA – determinants of health --> information for health protection and health promotion |
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Who is PHAC?
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Public Health Agency of Canada is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health functions (emergency preparedness, and response and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention).
The head of the Public Health Agency is the Chief Public Health Officer of Canada. The current Chief is Dr. Gregory W. Taylor. |
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What is the different between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention? Where does most prevention take place? |
What is Primary of Prevention?
Doctor's office (see Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care) |
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How does the Canadian Task Force aid disease prevention?
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establish by PHAC --> develop clinical practice guidelines that support primary care providers in delivering preventive health care.
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Who is Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care?
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The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care is the Government of Ontario ministry responsible for administering the health care system and providing services to the province of Ontario.
Oversees: Ontario Drug Benefit Plan Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) The Ministry also regulates hospitals and nursing homes; operates psychiatric hospitals and medical laboratories; and co-ordinates emergency health services for the Province. |
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What is the Primary Care Transition Fund?
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Romanow Report --> The Government of Canada established the $800-million Primary Health Care Transition Fund (PHCTF) in September 2000 over six years, to support the efforts of provinces and territories and other stakeholders to develop and implement transitional primary health care renewal initiatives
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What is Primary Care? how is the focus of primary care different from public health?
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the first level of care and usually the first point of contact that people have with health care system
also known as family medicine, general practice not always provided by doctor the focus of primary care is on personal, continuing health care, while public health is about improving population health. |
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What did the Romanow Report lead to? |
Lead to the establishment of the federal Primary Care Health Transition Fund (in 2000), worth $800 million over 6 year |
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What are the four building blocks identified by the Romanow Report for Primary Care? |
- Continuity and coordination of care |
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How much money did Ontario receive from the Primary Care Health Transition Fund?
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213 billion
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What are the five objective of the Primary Care Transition Fund over 2000-2006? |
- To increase the % of the population with access to primary health care organizations which are accountable for the planned provision of comprehensive services to a defined population; - To increase the emphasis on health promotion, disease and injury prevention, and chronic disease management; - To expand 24/7 access to essential services - To establish multi-disciplinary teams, so that the most appropriate care is provided by the most appropriate provide; and - To facilitate coordination with other health services (such as specialists and hospitals) |
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What are the three perspective on primary care? |
- The Patient – Immediate access and help |
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What are the main ways of funding primary care in Ontario? |
- Salaried – earn the same amount regardless of the # of patients
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What funding method does Ontario Minsitry of Health prefer? |
Salaried; fee-for-servie makes it difficult for the government to control for costs |
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What is a hospital? |
"“a building that provides jobs to people (e.g., admins, patients) and care to patients and their families, where all human emotions (fear, sadness, hope, kindness) can be seen … with inadequate, expensive parking"
'an institution providing medical or surgical treatment and nursing care for ill or injured people' |
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What are the four levels of hospitals? |
Local (general), regional (district), specialized, teaching (academic health science centres) |
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What are the top three complaints of patients? |
food services, parking, not being informed
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How are hospitals funded in Ontario? |
In Ontario → Ministry of health and long-term care → from LHINs → approx. half of 48 of the provincial budget
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Who is the Local Health Intergration Network? |
Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs) are the health authorities responsible for regional administration of public healthcare services in the province of Ontario, Canada.
LHINs are community-based, non-profit organizations funded by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care to plan, fund and coordinate services delivered by: * Hospitals* Long-Term Care Homes * Community Care Access Centres (CCAC) * Community Support Service Agencies * Mental Health and Addiction Agencies * Community Health Centres (CHCs) |
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Who is Canadian Institute for Health Information? |
The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) is an independent, not-for-profit corporation that aims to contribute to the improvement of the health of Canadians and the health care system by disseminating quality health information. |
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How does the ministry determine how money to give to the LHINs? what is the province shifting to?
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The shift from GBA to HBA→ 54% global, 40% health-based allocation, 6% quality groupings (2012, Healthy Debate)
• Ontario is shifting from the global budget allocation to health-based allocation o GBA – lump sum based on historical spending patterns, inflation & and negotiation between hospital executives & civil servants (provides stables funding, but not efficient) o HBA – Needs based; formal based on – historical services volume, expected population growth, health care access patterns, size and teaching status of hospital, to predict how many services each hospital should be providing every year, and the cost of these services |
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What is community care? who gets it?
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“Care of health and social needs that takes place outside, often away from, and often unconnected with institutional based care” – Last Dictionary of Public Health
Who gets home or community care? • Persons with physical or intellectual disabilities • Persons with mental illness • Seniors |
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What is the supplementary care? |
Those things that are not covered by the Canada Health Act or by provincial health insurance plans, for example: • An employment insurance benefit
Remember the 70/30 split |
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What are the three main types of supplementary care? |
• prescription drugs (note exceptions), dental, vision, other (ie physiotherapy) |
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What are the goals of home and community care? |
Services delivered in the home can help people with minor health problems and disabilities as well as those who need intensive and sophisticated services and equipment.
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Who is the Community Care Access Centre? |
Community Care Access Centres (CCACs) are your first point of contact for information about Seniors’ Care, and can provide information about the kinds of care that are available in your area.
Long wait times for seniro homes
They under authority of Ministry of Long-term Care and Health. |
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