8.0.12 Endocrine Lab - Pituitary Endocrine Glands

Front 1

11 endocrine glands

Back 1

posterior pituitary - anterior pituitary - thyroid gland - parathyroid gland - adrenal gland (cortex) - adrenal gland (medulla) - pancreas - testes - ovaries - pineal gland - thymus gland

Front 2

2 hormones of the posterior pituitary

Back 2

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - oxytocin

Front 3

what produces ADH

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supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

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gland that releases ADH

Back 4

posterior pituitary

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ADH is stimulated by

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hypothalamus when ↑blood osmolarity - ↓blood volume - ↓blood pressure

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ADH is inhibited by

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hydration - alcohol

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ADH targets

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kidneys

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effects of ADH

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stimulates resorption of H2O by kidney tubules - ↑blood volume & blood pressure

Front 9

ADH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓diabetes insipidus - ↑syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

Front 10

what produces oxytocin

Back 10

paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

Front 11

gland that releases oxytocin

Back 11

posterior pituitary

Front 12

oxytocin is stimulated by

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hypothalamus when cervix/uterus stretches - suckling of infant

Front 13

oxytocin is inhibited by

Back 13

lack of stimulation

Front 14

oxytocin targets

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smooth muscle (uterus) - breast

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effects of oxytocin

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stimulates uterine contractions - initiates labor + milk ejection

Front 16

6 hormones of the anterior pituitary

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GH (growth hormone) - PRL (prolactin) - TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - LH (luteinizing hormone)

Front 17

gland that produces GH (growth hormone)

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anterior pituitary

Front 18

GH (growth hormone) is stimulated by

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GHRH from hypothalamus when ↓GH - hypoglycemia - ↑amino acids - exercise - ↓fatty acids

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GH (growth hormone) is inhibited by

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↑GH (−feedback) - GHIH - hyperglycemia - hyperlipidemia

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GH (growth hormone) targets

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most cells - especially muscle & bone

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effects of GH (growth hormone)

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stimulates cell growth & cell division - mobilizes fats - spares glucose

Front 22

GH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓pituitary dwarfism in children - ↑gigantism in children - adult acromegaly

Front 23

gland that produces PRL (prolactin)

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anterior pituitary

Front 24

PRL (prolactin) is stimulated by

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PRH - PRH increased by estrogen - breast feeding

Front 25

PRL (prolactin) is inhibited by

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PIH (dopamine)

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PRL (prolactin) targets

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breasts

Front 27

effects of PRL (prolactin)

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promotes milk production

Front 28

PRL effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓poor milk production - ↑high milk production - male impotence & gynecomastia

Front 29

gland that produces TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Back 29

anterior pituitary

Front 30

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is stimulated by

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TRH - pregnancy & cold temperature - ↓thyroxin (T4)

Front 31

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is inhibited by

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−feedback by ↑thyroxin (T4) - GHIH

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TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) targets

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thyroid glands

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effects of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones

Front 34

TSH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓children cretinism - adult myxedema - ↑hyperthyroidism (like grave's disease)

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gland that produces ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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anterior pituitary

Front 36

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is stimulated by

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hypoglycemia - stress - CRH released with fever

Front 37

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is inhibited by

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−feedback from ↑glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Front 38

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) targets

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adrenal cortex

Front 39

effects of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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acts on adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Front 40

ACTH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓rare - ↑cushing's disease

Front 41

gland that produces FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Back 41

anterior pituitary

Front 42

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is stimulated by

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GnRH

Front 43

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is inhibited by

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−feedback by ↑estrogen - ↑testosterone - inhibin

Front 44

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) targets

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ovaries - testes

Front 45

effects of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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ovaries: stimulates follicle & ovum maturation - testes: stimulates sperm production

Front 46

FSH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓failure of sexual maturation - ↑no important effects

Front 47

gland that produces LH (luteinizing hormone)

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anterior pituitary

Front 48

LH (luteinizing hormone) is stimulated by

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GnRH

Front 49

LH (luteinizing hormone) is inhibited by

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−feedback by ↑estrogen & progesterone - ↑testosterone

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LH (luteinizing hormone) targets

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ovaries - testes

Front 51

effects of LH (luteinizing hormone)

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ovaries: triggers ovulation, ↑estrogen & progesterone production - testes: ↑testosterone production

Front 52

LH effects of hyposecretion↓ or hypersecretion↑

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↓failure of sexual maturation - ↑no important effects