*8 - The Foot

Front 1

name the 7 tarsal bones:

Back 1

1) calcaneus (lateral- proximal)
2) cuboid (lateral- distal)
3) talus (medial- proximal)
4) navicular (medial- distal)
5-7) medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms

Front 2

which bone of the foot is most commonly fractured?

Back 2

the base of the 5th metatarsal

Front 3

what does abduction/adduction in the foot occur based upon

Back 3

the 2nd phalanx

Front 4

name the 3 ligaments of the plantar surface that are important to arch support:

Back 4

lat: long plantar lig.
short plantar (calcaneocuboid) lig.
med: "spring" (calcaneonavicular) lig.

Front 5

what is the group name of the ligaments that are affected in an eversion injury

Back 5

deltoid ligament (medial)

Front 6

name the 3 ligaments that are affected in an inversion injury

Back 6

lateral ligaments:
1) anterior talofibular
2) calcaneofibular
3) posterior talofibular

Front 7

deep to the _______________ is the first layer of mm of the sole of the foot

Back 7

plantar aponeurosis

Front 8

name the 3 mm of the 1st layer of the sole of the foot, their common origin, and their innervation:

Back 8

1) flexor digitorum brevis: medial plantar n.
2) abductor hallucis: medial plantar n.
3) abductor digiti minimi: lateral plantar n.

O: calcaneus

Front 9

what 4 mm of the sole of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar n.

Back 9

1) abductor hallucis
2) flexor digitorum brevis
3) flexor hallucis brevis
4) 1st lumbrical

Front 10

name the 2 mm and 2 mm tendons of the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot and their innervation

Back 10

1) flexor digitorum longus tendon: tibial n.
2) flexor hallucis longus tendon: tibial n.
3) quadratus plantae m.: lateral plantar n.
4) lumbricals (4):
1st = medial plantar n.;
2nd-4th = lateral plantar n.

Front 11

name the mm in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot and their innervations

Back 11

flexor hallucis brevis: medial plantar n.
adductor hallucis brevis: lateral plantar n.
flexor digiti minimi: lateral plantar n.

Front 12

name the mm and tendons in the 4th (deepest) layer of the sole of the foot and their innervations

Back 12

-interossei mm (3 plantar, 4 dorsal): lateral plantar n. (PAD, DAB)
-peroneus longus tendon
-posterior tibialis tendon

Front 13

mm of 1st layer of sole of the foot:

flexor digitorum brevis m.

OIAN

Back 13

O: Calcaneus
I: Middle phalanx of 2nd – 5th toes
A: Flexes PIP joints
N: Medial plantar n. (L4-L5)

Front 14

mm of 1st layer of sole of the foot:

abductor hallucis m.

OIAN

Back 14

O: Calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Abducts great toe
N: Medial plantar n. (L4-L5)

Front 15

mm of 1st layer of sole of the foot:

abductor digiti minimi m.

OIAN

Back 15

O: Calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of 5th toe
A: Abducts 5th digit
N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

Front 16

mm of 2nd layer of sole of the foot:

quadratus plantae m.

OIAN

Back 16

O: calcaneus
I: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
A: Evens out pull on FDL m.
N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

Front 17

mm of 2nd layer of sole of the foot:

lumbrical mm.

OIN

Back 17

O: FDL tendon
I: Extensor digitorum longus tendon N: 1st = Medial plantar n. (L4-L5);
2nd-4th = Lateral plantal n. (S1-S2)

Front 18

mm of 3rd layer of sole of the foot:

flexor hallucis brevis m.

OIAN

Back 18

O: Cuboid/lateral cuneiform
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Flexes MTP joint
N: Medial plantar n. (L4-L5)

Front 19

mm of 3rd layer of sole of the foot:

flexor digiti minimi m.

OIAN

Back 19

O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: proximal phalanx of 5th toe
A: Flexes 5th digit at MTP joint
N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

Front 20

mm of 3rd layer of sole of the foot:

adductor hallucis m.

OIAN

Back 20

O: 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
N: Adducts great toe
N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

Front 21

mm of 4th layer of the sole of the foot:

interossei mm

OIAN

Back 21

O: Metatarsal
I: Proximal phalanges
A: PAD- plantar adducts
DAB- dorsal abducts
N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

Front 22

muscles innervated by medial plantar n.

Back 22

abductor hallicus, 1st lumbrical, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallicus brevis mm

Front 23

medial plantar n. supplies cutaneous innervation (similar to ________ n. of the hand) to ___________

Back 23

~median n. or hand

-1st to medial 1/2 of 4th digit; medial sole of the foot

Front 24

lateral plantar n. supplies cutaneous innervation (similar to ________ n. of the hand) to

Back 24

~ulnar n. of the hand

-lateral 1/2 of 4th digit & entire 5th digit; lateral sole of the foot

Front 25

what mm are innervated by the lateral plantar m?

Back 25

all of those mm of the dorsum of the foot, not innervated by the medial plantar n. (mpn: abductor hallicus, 1st lumbrical, flexor digitorum brevis, & flexor hallucis brevis mm.)

Front 26

what do the dermatomes of the foot give cutaneous sensation to?

L4
L5
S1
S2

Back 26

L4: medial malleolus and big toe
L5: dorsum of foot, toes 2-4, and lateral heel
S1: 5th toe and lateral malleolus
S2: calf anf medial heel

Front 27

note: mm reflexes

biceps
triceps
patellar
achilles

Back 27

C7-C8: triceps
C5-C6: biceps
L3-L4: patellar
S1-S2: Achilles

Front 28

what is the major supplying a. and branches to the sole of the foot?

Back 28

posterior tibial a. --> medial and lateral plantar aa

Front 29

the medial plantar a. is ~ to the ________ a. of the hand

Back 29

radial (to thumb, medial plantar --> big toe)

Front 30

the lateral plantar a. is ~ to the ________ a. of the hand

Back 30

ulnar a. (to pinky, lateral planter--> baby toe)

Front 31

CC:

-lose arch of foot, flat and rotates inward

Back 31

pes planus

Front 32

CC:

-arch is too high

Back 32

Pes cavus

Front 33

CC:

-big toe devates in
-1st metatarsal deviates out
-bunion

Back 33

hallux valgus

Front 34

CC:

-uric acid crystal deposited
-1st metatarsalphalangeal jt gets it most
-acute onset

Back 34

gout

Front 35

CC:

disorganized joints

Back 35

Charcot joints

Front 36

what feeds into the proper plantar digital aa

Back 36

the plantar metatarsal a.

Front 37

nn of the foot:
1) dorsal lateral foot and lateral malleolus
2) lateral sole and 5th and lateral 1/2 of 4th toes
3) medial sole
4) dorsum of foot, toes 1/2 2nd --1/2 4th
5) juxaposing 1/2 of 1st and 2nd toes dorsally
6) medial malleolus
7) heel and calf

Back 37

1) sural n.
2) lateral plantar
3) medial plantar n.
4) superficial peroneal n.
5) deep peroneal n.
6) saphenous n.
7) tibial n.