8 Preventing And Controlling Infection

Front 1

Describe the six elements that must occur in the chain of infection:

Back 1

etiologic agent-
reservoir-favorable env't; human, animal, insect, food, h2o, soil, equipment, blood, respiratory/GI/reproductive/urinary tracts
portal of exit from reservoir-breaks in skin, blood, respiratory/GI/reproductive/urinary tract
method of transmission-direct, indirect, airborne
portal of entry-
susceptible host-individual at increased risk of infection

Front 2

Basics of PPE:

Back 2

Donning:
hand hygiene, gown, mask, eye, gloves

Removing: gloves, mask, gown, eye, hand hygiene

Front 3

Medical asepsis for lab specimens:

Back 3

place specimen in leak-proof container c biohazard label and place in a sealed plastic bag

Front 4

Surgical asepsis principles:

Back 4

All objects in a sterile field must be sterile.
Sterile objects become unsterile when touched by unsterile objects.
Sterile items that are out of vision or below the waist level are considered unsterile.
Sterile objects can become unsterile by prolonged exposure to airborne microorganisms.
Fluids flow in the direction of gravity.
Moisture that passes thru a sterile object draws microorganisms from unsterile surfaces above or below to the sterile surface by capillary action.
The edges of sterile field are considered unsterile.
The skin cannot be sterilized and are considered unsterile.
Conscientiousness, alertness, and honesty are essential qualities in maintaining surgical asepsis.

Front 5

Airborne precautions:

Back 5

rubeola(measles), varicella(chicken pox), TB

for TB, nurse wears particulate respirator mask
for other airborne diseases, susceptible persons should not enter room

place client in private, negative-air pressure room c 6 to 12 air exchanges qh

if private room not possible, cohort c pat who has an infection c same microorganism but no other infection

client should remain in room c door closed

client to wear surgical mask if transportation necessary

Front 6

Droplet precautions:

Back 6

when client coughs, sneezes, talks, etc.

diphtheria(pharyngeal), mycoplasmma pneumonia, rubella, pertussis, mumps, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever

use standard precautions; mask required when providing care or if within 3 ft of client

place client in private room; client may be cohorted c another client who has same infection but no additional infections

client should remain in room; wear surgical mask if transportation is necessary

door to room may remain open

visitors should wear mask if within 3 ft of client and should try to maintain distance of 3 ft when possible

Front 7

Contact precautions:

Back 7

skin infections(scabies, pediculosis, herpes simplex or zoster), hep A, wound/GI/urinary infections, MRSA, VRE

use standard precautions; gloves required

place client in private room; may be cohorted c another client who has same infection

door to room may remain open

limit transportation; infected wound should be securely covered

dedicate equipment for client care to single client or cohort of clients