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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration |
What are the two biochemical pathways for energy production?
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Fermentation
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Final H acceptor is an organic molecule. Oxygen is NOT required. Yield 2 ATP/Glucose
Can take place in anaerobic environment. |
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Aerobic Respiration
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Final H acceptor is free Oxygen. Yield 36-38 ATP/Glucose.
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organic
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In fermentation, the final H acceptor is an _________ molecule.
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Oxygen
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In aerobic respiration, the final H acceptor is free ________.
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Carbohydrate Catabolism
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The breakdown of carbs to release energy.
-glycolysis -Kreb's cycle -Electron transport chain |
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Glycolysis
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takes place in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Kreb's cycle
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takes place in mitochondria
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C6H12O6
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Glucose symbol??
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Carbohydrate Catabolism
carbon dioxide |
Energy in glucose
Glucose can combine with O2 to produce _____ and water. |
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6CO2 + 6H2O
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What does C6H12O6 + 6O2 converted to in carbohydrate catabolism?
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Carbohydrate catabolism
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If burned directly, nearly all of its energy is converted to heat.
Glucose must be broken down gradually to "capture" the energy. High energy electrons are removed from glucose. Electron acceptors pass these electrons down an energy gradient, the energy is used to synthesize ATP. |
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heat
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If burned directly, nearly all of its energy is converted to _____.
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capture
electrons |
Glucose must be broken down gradually to "_______" the energy.
High energy __________ are removed from glucose. |
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Electron acceptors
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_________ __________ pass these electrons down an energy gradient, the energy is used to synthesize ATP.
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Glycolysis
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A molecule of glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) (a 3 carbon molecule).
Requires the input of 2 ATP 4 ATP are produced. A net gain of 2 ATP 2 NAD+ (oxidized form) are reduced to NADH (reduced form) |
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pyruvate
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A molecule of glucose is splite into 2 molecules of ___________.
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Fermentation
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Uses GLYCOLYSIS to produce ATP.
Yeilds only 2 ATP net per glucose molecule. |
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Alcohol fermenters
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________ _________ convert pyruvate to ethanol.
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Lactate fermenters
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_________ __________ convert pyruvate to lactate. (humans do this under certain conditions).
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Genetics
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The science of heredity. The study of genes: how they carry info, pass the info on and how is that info expressed.
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Genes
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The functional units of heredity. Contain info (codes) for inherited characteristics: Morphology, metabolism, behavior, pathology, etc.
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Genotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism. (The info itself)
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Genome
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The total of all genes (genetic information) in a cell.
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Phenotype
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The physical/external manifestation of the genotype. (the physical traits or appearance)
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Genes
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______ consist of segments of DNA.
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DNA
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A nucleic acid (repeating units called nucleotides)
Three basic parts: Base, Sugar, Phosphate |
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Base
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Adenine
Thymine Guanine Cytosine |
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Sugar
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Deoxyribose
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Phosphate
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this holds the nucleotides together.
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Histones
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA is wound around cluster of ________. (chromosomal protein)
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antiparallel
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The 2 strands of DNA face eachother in different directions.
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hydrogen bonds
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DNA is made up of 2 antiparallel strands joined by __________ _____.
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DNA replication
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Enzymes unwind the double helix.
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DNA polymerase
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adds new bases to the new DNA strand.
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Semiconservative
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One original and one new strand of DNA.
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