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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incidence
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10-15% of couples
Success rate of achieving pregnancy after 12 cycles in women: <30 yo = 74% 30-35 yo = 60% >35 yo = 55% Success rate in a single cycle: ~10% |
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Etiologies
Male |
Male factor (30-40%)
Anatomic Endocrine Genetic Inflammatory Idiopathic Immunologic Exogenous Other |
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Etiologies
Ovulation |
Ovulation factors (20%)
Anovulation Inadequate luteal phase Amenorrhea Polycystic ovarian syndrome (with or without insulin resistance) |
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Etiologies
Pelvic |
Pelvic factors
Infection / PID Endometriosis Peritonitis Prior abdominal surgery |
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Etiologies
Uterine and cervical |
Uterine and cervical factors (10-15%)
Mullerian abnormalities Leiomyoma Synechiae Cervical stenosis Hostile cervical mucous |
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Etiologies
Vaginal |
Vaginal factors
Imperforate hymen Vaginal septum Vaginismus Congenital absence of the vagina |
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Etiologies
Medical |
Medical factors (5%)
Hypothyroidism Immunologic factors Subclinical infections Other medical illnesses and/or severe nutritional deficiencies |
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Etiologies
Idiopathic |
Unexplained infertility accounts for 10% of all infertility
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Diagnosis and Work-up
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History and physical
Laboratory evaluation Ovulation determination* Basil body temperatures (BBT) Ovulation predictor kit Semen analysis* Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)* Postcoital test Endometrial biopsy and progesterone level Laparoscopy Bacteriology Hampster egg penetration assay (HEPA) Immunologic testing |
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Treatment
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Based on cause of infertility
Advanced reproductive technology IUI (intrauterine insemination) AIH/AID (artificial insemination with husband/donor semen) IVF (in-vitro fertilization) GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer) |
