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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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UVB radiation
Fair skin, red hair, blue eyes Immunosuppression Ionizing radiation Chemical carcinogens HPV Chronic irritation or inflamm Genetics risk factors for what |
non-melanoma skin cancer
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UV radiation - blistering sunburns
Existing nevus Family history of melanoma Prior skin cancer Immunosuppression Response to UV light risk factors for what |
melanoma
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Clinical:
dome shaped, pearly, or flesh colored papule/nodule with telangiectasia, ulcerated center histo: basaloid aggregate with epidermis, palisading neoplastic cells Neoplastic cells have large nuclei, small cytoplasm |
Nodular type basal cell carcinoma
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clinical - erythematous scaly patch with irregular borders
histo- -basaloid neoplastic cells from under surface of epidermis -grows horizontally or radially --> involves lower epidermis, upper dermis |
superficial type basal cell carcinoma
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Clinic: white plaque or macular "scar like" lesion
histo: cords, strands, or nests of basaloid cells in dense stroma of hickened collagen bundeles dx? behavior |
sclerotic or morphaform type basal cell carcinoma
more aggressive |
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Clinic: dark-colored tumor that can involve surrounding skin and underlying cartilage and bone
Histo: abundant melanin, basaloid cells |
pigmented type basal cell carcinoma
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Squamous cell carcinoma
a. from what do they arise? b. where do they grow to? c. induced by what? |
a. suprabasal keratinocytes of epidermis
b. direct extension into dermis/subcutis c. UV-induced |
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precursor lesion to sq. cell carcinoma
hyperkeratotic papule/plaque on sun-exposed skin; parakeratosis, spares hair follicles |
actinic keratoses
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Sq cell carcinoma in situ
3 variants |
Bowen's - scaly plaque with scalloped border
Erythroplasia of Queyrat = bright, erythematous plaque on glans penis Erythroplakia and leukoplakia = bright, erythematous velvety plaque or white hperkeratotic plaque in oral cavity |
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Clinical:
-hyperkeratotic papule/nodule/plaque -erythematous/scaly, ulcerated -rapid growth, metastasizes to mucous membrane or irradiated skin Histo: Basal zones of full thickness atypical keratinocyte prolif, invasion ito dermis -hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acantholysis |
invasive sq. cell carcinoma
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Pathophys of melanoma
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melanocyte neoplasm, can extend into dermis and SQ
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Features to look out for in melanoma
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Asymmetry
Border irregular Color Diameter Evolving |
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How do melanomas grow
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horizontally within epidermis, then vertically into dermis
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Types of melanoma
lesions exhibit horizontal growth predominantly, 70% of melanomas |
superficial spreading
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Types of melanoma
Melanoma in-situ, arises in sun-damaged, freckeled skin broad macular lesion on face of elderly what is it called if this becomes invasive? |
lentigo maligna
lentigo maligna melanoma |
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Types of melanoma
isolated to distal extremities, often subungual or periungual regions can see pigmented streak in nail plate beginning in the cuticle, extending length of nail |
acral lentiginous melanoma
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Types of melanoma
aggressive, exists only in vertical phase -develops quickly, raised, may ulcerate -nodule extends above skin |
nodular melanoma
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What is the histological look of melanoma in situ
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broad, assymmeric, poorly circumscribed neoplasm scattered over all epidermal levels
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How do you stage tumor thickness of a melanoma
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Breslow depth = vertical depth from granular layer to deepest melanoma cell
if <0.76 mm, NO metastasis |
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Precursors to Melanoma
multiple tan, flat lesions on sun exposed skin (face, dorsal forearms) |
solar lentigo
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Precursors to Melanoma
flat, tan, with uniform pigment and regular border; melanocytes confined to dermoepidermal junction |
junctional nevus
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Precursors to Melanoma
Flesh or tan colored, dome shaped to pedunculated papule with uniform pigment and regular border confined to dermis |
intradermal nevus
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Precursors to Melanoma
tan, dome papule with uniform pigment, regular border melanocytes both at dermoepidermal junction and in dermis |
compound nevus
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Precursors to Melanoma
newborn found with larger, raised, pigmented nevus |
congenital nevus
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Precursors to Melanoma
many nevi with fried egg appearance |
dysplastic nevi
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