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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where does photosynthesis take place? |
Chloroplast |
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What are the saclike photosynthetic membranes that chloroplasts contain? |
Thylakoids |
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What is multiple stack of thylakoids called? |
Grana |
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What is one singular stack of thylakoids called? |
Granum |
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What are photosystems? |
Light collecting units in the choloplast |
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What are the reactions of the photosystems? |
Light-dependant reactions, light-independent reactions and/or the Calvin cycle |
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Where do the light-dependant reactions take place? |
Thylakoid membranes |
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place? |
Stroma |
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Where do electron's get their energy? |
Sunlight |
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What is NADP+ |
Carrier molecule, holds up to 2 electron's along with H+ |
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What is NADPH |
When NADP+ holds 2 electrons & an H+ |
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What does NADPH do? |
Carries high-energy electrons to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell so that they can be used to help build different types of molecules the cell needs (ex: glucose) |
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How does photosynthesis start? |
When pigments in photosystem 2 absorbs light, increasing their energy level |
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What do the enzymes on the thylakoid membrane break water molecules into? |
-Hydrogen ions (H+) -Oxygen atoms (O2) -energized electrons |
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What do they energized electrons from the water do? |
Replace the high-energy electrons that chlorophyll lost to the electron transport chain |
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What happens when plants remove electrons from the water? |
Oxygen is left behind & is released into the air |
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What happens to the H+ that are left behind when water is broken apart? |
They're released inside the thylakoid membrane |
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What is the energy from the electrons used for? |
To transport H+ from the stroma into the inner thylakoid space |
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Where do high-energy electrons go when they leave photosystem 2? |
Photosystem 1 |
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What do the pigments in photosystem 1 do? |
They use energy from light to re-energize the electrons. Then NADP+ picks the high-energized electrons & H+ up & becomes NADPH |
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What happens when electrons are passed from the chlorophyll to NADP+? |
More H+ are pumped across the membrane |
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What does it mean when the inside of the membrane is filled up with positively charged H+? |
The other side is negatively charged. The difference between charges provides the energy to make ATP |
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How do H+ get across the membrane? |
A protein called ATP synthase |
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What happens as H+ is traveling through the ATP synthase & the ATP synthase rotates? |
ATP synthase binds ADP & a phosphate group together & makes ATP |
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What do light-dependant reactions use? |
Water, ADP & NADP+ |
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What do light-dependant reactions produce? |
Oxygen, ATP, NADPH |
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What do the compounds in light-dependant reactions provide? |
Energy to build energy-containing sugars from low-energy compounds |
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What do ATP & NADPH contain? |
Chemical energy, but they aren't stable enough to store that energy for more then 2 minutes |
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What happens during the Calvin cycle? |
Plants use the energy from ATP & NADPH from the light-dependant reactions to produce high-energy sugars. It also uses that energy to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long time |
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What are the Calvin cycles reactions also called? |
Light-independant reactions |
It does not use light |
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What is the act of the Calvin cycle? |
6CO2 molecules enter the cycle from the atmosphere & combine with 6ccccc molecules. Then its turned into 12ccc which are converted into higher energy forms. This energy comes from ATP & NADPH. 2 of the 12ccc molecules are removed. Those ones are used to produce sugars & other compounds. 10 remaining are converted back into 6ccccc which begin the next cycle |
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What do light-independant reactions do? |
Use the chemical energy created by the light-dependant reactions that they made from the sun & produce stable, high energy sugars from carbon dioxide & water |
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What are some of the factors that affect photosynthesis? |
-water -temperature -intensity of the light |
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