7Th Science- Cell Process And Engery

Front 1

Any substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance is called what?

Back 1

ELEMENT

Front 2

The smallest unit of an ELEMENT.

Back 2

ATOM

Front 3

2 or more elements combined chemically are called what ?

Back 3

COMPOUND

Front 4

The smallest unit of a compound is called what?

Back 4

MOLECULES

Front 5

Large organic molecules used for many things and build body structures like muscles?

Back 5

PROTEINS

Front 6

What are the smaller molecules that make up proteins?

Back 6

AMINO ACIDS

Front 7

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction is?

Back 7

ENZYMES

Front 8

Compounds that contain carbon are ?

Back 8

Organic compounds

Front 9

Compounds that DONOT contain carbon are ?

Back 9

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Front 10

Energy enriched organic compounds are ?

Back 10

CARBOHYDRATES

Front 11

Carbohydrates that are used for cell parts and found in the cell walls as cellulose are ? Also found in cell membranes

Back 11

SUGARS AND STARCHES

Front 12

What contains more energy than carbohyrates?

Back 12

LIPIDS like fats, oils and waxes

Front 13

What contains the instructions that cells need to carry out functions?

Back 13

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Front 14

What's the genetic material that carries information ABOUT an organism, that is passed down from parent to offspring. It also contains information that directs all of the cell's functions?

Back 14

DNA

Front 15

What is RNA?

Back 15

It plays an important role in the production of proteins

Front 16

_____ is essential for most chemical reations within cells to take place?

Back 16

WATER

Front 17

What is the gatekeeper of the cell?

Back 17

cell membrane

Front 18

When a membrane lets some substances pass through and refuses others, it is called what?

Back 18

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

Front 19

The process where molecules move from an area of HIGHER CONSENTRATION to an area of lower consentration.

Back 19

DIFFUSION

Front 20

What causes diffusion?

Back 20

collison of molecules cause them to move away from each other

Front 21

What is the diffusion of water molecules called?

Back 21

OSMOSIS

Front 22

In osmosis, what kind of membrane are the water molecules crossing?

Back 22

selectively permeable membrane

Front 23

What is "using energy to move materials through a cell membrane called"?

Back 23

ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION

Front 24

What is THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL through the cell membrane WITHOUT USING ENERGY

Back 24

PASSIVE TRANSPORTATION (osmosis, diffusion)

Front 25

Picking up protein molecules outside the cell and bringing them in is a FORM OF ______ TRANSPORTATION?

Back 25

ACTIVE

Front 26

When a ceell membrane surrounds or engulfs a particle, pinches off and forms a vacuole within the cell, it is called?

Back 26

TRANSPORTATION BY ENGULFING

Front 27

Why are cells small?

Back 27

in order for materials to effectively carried into and out of cells

Front 28

When a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food, the process is called _____?

Back 28

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Front 29

PHOTOSYNTHESIS uses energy in a 2 stage process to convert what?

Back 29

Carbon dioxide and water INTO oxygen and sugars

Front 30

What is a colored chemical compound that absorbs light?

Back 30

PIGMENT

Front 31

What is the main ingredient found in CHLOROPLASTS?

Back 31

CHOLORPHYLL

Front 32

What is the small openingon the underneath side of the leaves called?

Back 32

SOMATA

Front 33

kNOW THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATIONS IN YOUR NOTES

Back 33

under III. part of outline

Front 34

The process where cells withdraw energy from glucose is ?

Back 34

RESPIRATION

Front 35

SEE THE EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION IN YOUR NOTES

Back 35

under IV. part of outline

Front 36

What are the 2 stages of respiration?

Back 36

1st- in the CYTOPLASM, GLUCOSE MOLECULES broken into smaller molecules
2nd- In the MITOCHONDRIA, the small molecules are further broken down and ENERGY IS RELEASED

Front 37

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND _____ are opposite processes.

Back 37

Respiration

Front 38

What do we call the energy releasing process that does not require OXYGEN?

Back 38

FERMENTATION

Front 39

In LACTIC-ACID fermentation what happens?

Back 39

a process used by cells, when they use the oxygen they need faster than it can be replaced

Front 40

What happens in Alcohol Fermentation?

Back 40

Yeast and other single-celled organism ferment and produce Alcohol

Front 41

What is the first stage of the cell cycle?

Back 41

INTERPHASE

Front 42

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE INTERPHASE STAGE?

Back 42

growth-the cell DOUBLES IN SIZE

Front 43

During the interphase stage what happens to DNA?

Back 43

After growing to materity, the cell MAKES A COPY OF DNA CALLED REPLICATION

Front 44

Once DNA has been replicated, what happens next?

Back 44

preparation for CELL DIVISION begins

Front 45

What happens in the second stage of cell cycle?

Back 45

The cell's nucleus divides

Front 46

A doubled rod of condensed chromatin is ?

Back 46

CHROMOSOME

Front 47

Each identical ROD, OR STRAND, of the chromosome is named _____?

Back 47

CHROMATID

Front 48

What happens in the third and final stage of the cell cycle>

Back 48

The cytoplasm DIVIDES distributing the organelles into the two new DAUGHTER CELLS.

Front 49

What does the length of cell cycle depend on?

Back 49

the type of organism and cell

Front 50

DNA replication insures what????

Back 50

that each Daughter Cell has all of the genetic information needed to carry out activites

Front 51

What is the structure of the DNA-twisted ladder is called/

Back 51

Double Helix

Front 52

The replication process begins when?

Back 52

the two sides of the DNA unwind and separate

Front 53

Be sure to understand the :::::

Back 53

illustrations at the end of the outline! passive transportation and then the cell cycle