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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nucleus
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core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons
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proton
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positively charged particle
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neutron
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particle with no charge
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electron
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particle with a negative charge
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atomic number
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number of protons in the nucleus
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isotope
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atom with same number of protons and different number of neutrons
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mass number
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the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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model
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diagram, mental picture, a mathematical statement or an object that helps explain ideas about the natural world
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atomic mass
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the average of all the isotopes of an element
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periodic table
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chart of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
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period
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horizontal row of elements
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chemical symbol
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1 or 2 letter representation of an element
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group
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elements in the same vertical column; also called a family
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metal
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class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
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malleable
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describes material that can be pounded into shapes
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ductile
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describes material that can be pulled out into a long wire
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conductivity
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ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
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reactivity
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the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with another element
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corrosion
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wearing away of a metal
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alkali metal
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an element in Group 1 of the periodic table
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alkaline earth metal
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an element in Group 2 of the periodic table
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transition metal
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one of the elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table
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alloy
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a mixture of two or more elements, one of which is a metal
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particle accelerator
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a machine that moves atomic nuclei at higher and higher speeds until they crash into one another, sometimes forming heavier metals
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nonmetal
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element that lacks most of the properties of a metal
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diatomic molecule
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molecule consisting of 2 atoms
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halogen
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an element found in Group 17 of the periodic table
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noble gas
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an element found in Group 18 of the periodic table
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metalloid
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an element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
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semiconductor
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substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions
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plasma
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gas-like state of matter consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons
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nebula
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the cloudlike region of gases left over in the remains of a shrinking, sun-sized star
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nuclear fusion
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process in which 2 atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, forming a heavier element and releasing huge amounts of energy
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super nova
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an explosion of a massive star
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