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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indus River
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River that ampties into the Arabian sea.
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Ganges River
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River in northren India that runs south of the Himalayas into the Indian Ocean.
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Monsoons
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Strong wind that blows one direction in winter and the oppostite direction in the summer.
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Subcontinent
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Large landmass that is part of a continent but distinct from it.
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Himalayas
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Highest mountian in the world, in southren Aia.
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Hinduism
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Religion of India that stresses that one main force connects all of life.
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Caste System
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Social system in which a persons's place is determined by the rank of the family into which (s) he is born.
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Reincarnation
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Belirf that people move in consant cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
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Buddhisn
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Religion foiunded by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most importhat thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering.
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Monkl
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Man who devotes his life to a religious group.
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Karma
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End result of a person's good and bad acts, which determines his/her rebirth.
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Four Noble Truths
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Principals that rule life and promise an end to suffering.
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Eightfold Path
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Basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering.
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Middle Way
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Way of life, neither too strict or too easy.
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Known as the Buddha (Enlightened one), started buddhism.
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Sanskrit
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Written language developed by the Aryans.
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Guru
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Religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism.
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Nirvana
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State of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth.
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Theocracy
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Goverment ruled by religious leaders.
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Dynasty
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Long line of rulers from the same family.
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Stupas
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Buddhist shrine shaped like a mound or dome.
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Pilgrim
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Persom who travlels for religious reasons.
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Aryans
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People from central/south Asia who conqured Harappans and developed the caste system and Sanskrit.
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Braham
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In Hinduism, universal spirit from which all gods/godesses are diffrent parts.
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Peninsula
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Body of land with water on 3 sides ( Michigan).
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Colonies
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Settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland.
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Polis
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Early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding country side and run like an independent country.
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Acropolis
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Large hill where people sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss comunity issues.
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Agora
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Open area that served as a marketplace and meeting place.
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Jury
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Group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make a decision in a court.
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Citizen
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Person with rights and responsibilities in his/her community or country- in ancient Greeece, only males could be citizens.
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Assembly
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Lawmaking body of goverment made up of a group of citizens.
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Oligarchy
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Goverment in which a few, elite (wealthy and powerful) people rule; olig means few; archy means rulership
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Democracy
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Goverment in which all citizens share in the running of the goverment; 1st democracy stared in Athens, Greece; demo means people;cracy means power.
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Monarchy
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Goverment ruled by a king or queen; mono means 1 archy means rulership.
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City-state
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Independent state made up of a city and the surroundings land and villages.
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Sparta
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Largesst in the ancient Greece city-state.
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Athens
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City-state in ancient Greece which developed into a democracy; most powerful of the city-states, 1st Olympics.
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Helots
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Person who was conqured and enslaved by Sparta.
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Persia
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Area which is now southren Iran.
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Satrapies
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20 Strates into whih Darius divided the Persian Empire.
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Satrap
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Official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire under Darius.
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Zoroastrianism
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Persian religion; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong and that goodness would win in the end, monotheistic.
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Direst Democracy
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Syestem of goverment in which all people gather and make decisions (vote) on goverment matters.
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Representative democracy
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Syestem of goverment in which people elect others to speak for them on governmental matters.
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Pericles
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Great Athenian general and statesman; expanded democracy by allowing class male citizens to run for political office.
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Myths
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Traditional story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events
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Mount Olympus
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Highest mountain in Greece, in Greek myths, believed to be home to 12 important gods/godesses.
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Oracle
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Sacred shrine where a priest (ess) spoke for a god (ess)
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Delphi
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Ancient Greek city and site of the oracle at the temple of Appollo.
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Epics
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Long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds.
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Homer
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Greek poet and author of the epics The Iliad and the Odyssey.
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Aesop
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Greek slave known for his fables.
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Fable
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Short tale that teaches a lesson.
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Drama
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Short story told by actors who pretend to be the characters in the story.
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Tragedy
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Form of drama in which a person struggles to overcome difficulties but meets an unhappy end.
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Comedy
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Form of drama which a story has a happy ending.
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Sophocles
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Greek playwright known for his tragedies that questioned traditional thinking.
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Philosophy
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Study of nature and the meaning of life.
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Philosophers
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Thinkers who seek wisdom and ponders questions about life.
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Macedonia
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Powerful kingdom north of Greece and ruled by Philip II.
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Philip II
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King of Macedonia; conquered Greek city-states and controlled Greece in 338 B.C ; wanted to expand his empire but was murdered.
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Alexandria
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Large city in Egypt built by Alexander The Great; one of the most important cities of the ancient world; center of business and trade.
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Alexander The Great
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General and son of Philip II; continued his father's plan and expanded Greek / Macedonia rule across 3 continents.
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Legacy
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What a person leaves behind when (s) he dies.
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Hellenistic Era
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Period of time when Greek ideas and language spread to non Greek peoples of southwest Asia.
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Epicureanism
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Philosophy that taught that happiness came not from following emotions but from following reason and doing one's duty.
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Romulus and Remus
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Twin brothers who founded Rome; babies were rescued from the river by a wolf and raised by a Sheppard; Romulus killed Remus and became the 1st king of Rome.
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Etruscans
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People from north of Rome who ruled Rome for 100 years; during this time, Rome became more powerful and changed from a village with huts to a city with houses.
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Republic
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Form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them.
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Legions
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Smaller unit
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Legions
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Smaller unit of the Rome army made up of about 6,000 soldiers.
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Patricians
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Wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class; member of noble families.
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Plebeians
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Common farmer, trader, or craftworker; common people.
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Consuls
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2 top elected government officials who commanded the army.
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Veto
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To reject.
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Praetors
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Important government official.
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Senate
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Lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government.
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Tribune
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Elected leader who represented interests of plebeians.
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Dictator
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Person who ruled with complete and absolute power, control, and authority.
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Twelve Tables
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Earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians that became the foundation of Roman law.
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Punic wars
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Series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage ending in a victory for Rome.
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Hanninbal
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Great general from Carthage.
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Latfundia
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Large farming estates.
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Julius Caesar
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1 of members of 1st Triumvirate who ruled Rome; assassinated March 15, 44 B.C (Ides of March) after declaring himself dictator of Rome.
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Tirumvirate
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3 person ruling group; tri means 3.
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Octavian
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Grandnephew of Julius Caesar; created 2nd part Tirumvirate.
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Antony
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Top general under Julius Caesar and part of the 2nd Triumvirate.
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Augustus
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Title taken by Octavian when he became emperor of Rome; and expanded Roman Empire; reorganized military government; created new era of property.
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Empire
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Group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government.
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Pax Romana
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"Roman Peace"; long era of peace and safety.
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Aqueduct
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Human made channel built to carry water.
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Currency
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System of money.
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Satires
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Work that pokes fun at human weaknesses.
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Odes
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Poem that expresses strong emotions about life.
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Virgil
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Writer and author of the epic poem, The Aeneid.
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Horace
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Poet who wrote satires and odes.
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Ptolemy
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Scientists who studied the sky and mapped over 1,000 stars.
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Forum
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Open space that served as a marketplace and meeting place.
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Gladiators
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People who fought animals and other people as human entertainment; were often slaves.
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Paterfamilies
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Name for the father as the head of the Roman household.
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Rhetoric
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Public speaking.
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Spartacus
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Gladiator who led a slave revolt against the Roman Italy.
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Polytheism
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Belief in many gods and goddesses.
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Plague
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Disease that spreads quickly and kills many people.
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Inflation
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Period of rapidly increasing prices.
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Barter
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To exchange goods or services without using money.
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Diocletian
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General who became emperor; reforms failed and divided empire into 4 sections because it was too large for 1 person to control.
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Reforms
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Changes that try to bring about improvements.
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Constantine
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General who became emperor after Diocletian; 1st Christian emperor, stopped persecution of Christians; moved capital from Rome to Constantinople.
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Saints
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Christian holy person.
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Regent
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Person who acts as a temporary.
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Christianity
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Religion based on teaching of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament.
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Justinian
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Emperor of Byzantine Empire; wanted to reunite the Roman Empire.
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Jerusalem
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Capital of kingdom of Israel
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Judaea
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Judah, 1 of 2 kingdoms of Israel.
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Messiah
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Deliverer sent by God.
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Jesus
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Jew who preached values of love and forgiveness; performed many miracles and wanted people to turn away from bad deeds; crucified and rose from the dead; Christianity.
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Nazareth
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Home of jesus
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Galilee
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Region north of Judaea where Jesus preached his ideas.
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Disciples
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Close followers of Jesus.
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Parables
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Story that used events from everyday life to express spiritual ideas.
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Resurrection
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Act of rising from the dead.
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Apostles
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Early Christian leader who helped set up churhes and spread the message of Jesus.
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Peter
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1 of 12 disciples; early leader in Christianity and founder of the Catholic Church.
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Paul
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Persecuted Christians but later converted to Christianity; spread word of Jesus to non-Jews (gentiles)
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Salvation
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Act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter hevan.
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Persecute
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To mistreat a person because of his/her beliefs.
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Martyrs
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Person willing to die rather than give up his/her beliefs.
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Hierarchy
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Organization with different levels of authority.
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Clergy
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Religious officials, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services.
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Laity
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Church members who are not clergy.
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Doctrine
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Official church teachings.
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Gospel
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"Good news"; 1 of the 4 accounts of Jesus' life, teachings, and resurrection.
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Pope
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Bishop of Rome; later head of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Icons
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Christian religious image or picture.
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Iconoclasts
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Person who opposed use of icons in churches, saying that icons encouraged the worship of idols.
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Excommunicated
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To declare that a person of group no longer belongs to the church.
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Missionaries
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Person who travels to carry thee ideas of religion to others.
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