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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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confucianism
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originated from named Confucius taught to live by ethics.
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Buddhism
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originated in India- 500 B.C. Taught that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace.
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Bureaucracy
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A body of unelected government.
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Civil service
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Service as a government official.
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Scholar-official
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An educated member of the government.
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Dragon bone pump
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A light and portable pump where a farmer could scoop up water and pour it into a an irrigation canal.
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Isolation
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a policy of avoiding contact with other countries
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Empress WU
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the only woman to rule China, methods sometimes vicious but she was intelligent- she ruled from 625-705.
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Emperor Yang Jian
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northern ruler who ended period of disunion - 589, he conquered the south,unified China, and created Sui Dynasty.
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Mongols
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nomadic people who attacked the Chinese.
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Marco Polo
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Italian trader, traveled to China and then later wrote about his trip.
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Gengis Khan
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ruler of the Mongols, led attacks against China,"universal ruler"
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Kublai Khan
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Mongol ruler, completed conquest of China, founded Yuan Dynasty
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Zheng He
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Chinese admiral, led great voyages that spread China's fame- Ming Dynasty
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Effect of period of disunion on culture
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new types of art, music,foods and clothing. More Chinese.
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chronological order of Dynasties
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Han - 221BC-220AD
Period of Disunion-220AD-589AD Sui- 589AD - 618AD Tang - 618 AD - 907 AD Song - 960 AD - 1279 AD Yuan - 1279 AD - 1368 AD Ming - 1368 AD - 1644 AD |
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Purpose of Grand Canal
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links Northern and Southern China. Allowed the Chinese to move goods and crops from distant agricultural areas into cities
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Chinese exported items
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tea,rice,spices,jade and silk.
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Chinese achievements
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silk,porcelain,woodblock printing,gunpowder,compass
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Neo-confucianism
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developed before and after the Song Dynasty similiar to older philosophies but also emphasized spiritual matters. It became very popular
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Daoism also called Taoism
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philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and non-interference with the course of natural events
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scholar officials
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elite members of society,took a test to get to this status,major factor in the stability of the Song government.
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Methods Mongols used to control China
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taxes, prohibition of too much power and Mongol soldiers to watch over the Chinese.
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causes of Yuan Dynasty's collapse
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The failed campaigns against Hapan weakened the Mongol military,the public works weakened the economy,and Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty, causing it to fall.
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Outcome of Marco Polo's travel to China
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He wrote a book which sparked European interest in China.
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Result of Zhen He's voyages
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Served as a clear sign of China's power.
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Purpose of Great Wall
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To show China's power and protect China.
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Effect of Isolation on China
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The Ming Dynasty collapsed,the West world made huge leaps in technology.
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Meritocracy
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the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
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Cai Lun
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man who invented paper in the year 105 during Han Dynasty
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Tang
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invention built on the invention of paper. He invented woodblock printing, where an entire page is carved into a block of wood.-printer applies ink and presses.
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Gunpowder
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a mixture of powders used in guns and explosives
gunpowder originally used for fireworks,then for weapons,changed the course of human history. |
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Compass
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this instrument uses the Earth's magnetic field to show direction,made it possible to find direction more accurately. key factor in sailing voyages.
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Under Song Dynasty invented the movable type
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movable type was a set of letters of characters that are used to print books, can be reused to create new lines of text and different pages.
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Paper Money
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Song introduced Paper Money it was far lighter than coins and easier to use.
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growing economy
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Cultural riches also increased in literature,art,and science-huge advances made in China.
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Artists were some of China's greatest:
Wu Daozi,Li Bu,Du Fu,Li Qingzhao |
Wu Daozi- painted murals that celebrated Buddhism and nature. Tang Dynasty
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Artists of Tang Dynasty were some of China's greatest:
Li Bu |
Li Bu - wrote poems - tang Dynasty
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Artists of Tang Dynasty were some of China's greatest:
Du Fu |
Du Fu - wrote poems - Tang Dynasty
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Artists of Tang Dynasty were some of China's greatest:
Li Qingzhao |
Li Qingzhao - perhap's China's greatest female poet - Song Dynasty
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Methods Mongols used to control China
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taxes, prohibition of too much power and Mongol soldiers to watch over the Chinese.
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Period of Disunion
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follwed collapse of Han, Lasted from 220AD to 589AD,nomadic people settled in Northern China,some Chinese adopted the Nomadic culture while invaders adopted Chinese culture,The cultures mixed. Same thing happened in the south. More people became Chinese.
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China reunified for 700 yrs by a series of powerful Dynasties
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Sui,Tang and Song Dynasties
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Sui Dynasty
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Northern ruler Yang Jian ended the period of Disunion in 589. Sui period from 589-618.Restored China and began the Grand Canal-linking Northern and Southern China.
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Tang Dynasty
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One of the greatest rulers Taizong, Tang dynasty ruled over 300 yrs.,Golden age of Chinese civilization,reform of military,Xuan Zong another brilliant leader,EMpress Wu - only female ruler,time known as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
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Song Dynasty
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in 960 China re-unified,ruled about 300 years,from 960-1279,time of great achievements.
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Cities and trade
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much food from farms went to cities and towns,crowded
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City life
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Chang'an - China's capital and largest city,trade center,mix of people from different cultures,cities continued to grow under Song Dynasty,known as a religious and philosophical center for many religions.
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Trade in China and Beyond
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Trade grew,Trade made China richer,much trade took place inside China by waterways,foreign trade over land routes,exported tea,rice,spices,hade,and silk
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Trade imports
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wool,glass,gold and silver
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Sea trade
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became important in Song Dynasty
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Song invented world first system of paper money
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in the 900's
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Advances in agriculture
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Civilization based on agriculture,became expert farmers,farming reached great heights in Song Dynasty,new irrigation techniques,underground wells,wild lands became farmlands,
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North farms agriculture
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wheat,barley,and other grains
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South agriculture
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grew rice
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more agriculture advances
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agriculture surpluses helped pay taxes to the government,due to plentiful food population grew,cotton cultivation increased during Song dynasty.
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Ming Dynasty
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lasted from 1368-1644 nearly 300 years,one of the most stable times in China,great sea voyages-trips were a sign of great power,great building projects were forbidden city and restoration of the great wall of China completed
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Mongol Empire
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once lived separately in the cast plains north of China,in 1206 Temujin:Genghis Khan rallied and unite armies
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Mongol Conquest
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Genghis Khan organized armies and led bloody expeditions,terrorized people-killed all destroyed everything,in 1260 Kublai Khan became ruler,foriegners ruled all of China
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Yuan Dynasty also known as Mongol Ascendancy
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Yuan China belonged to a different ethnic group than the Chinese did.
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Yuan China facts
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China hated being ruled by foriegners whom they saw as rude and uncivilized.
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Yuan emperors built a new capital called
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Dadu
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Kublai Khan in Yuan China
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Prohibited Confucian scholars from becoming too powerful,heavy taxes placed on Chinese,required labor of many Chinese people for public-works project(taxes paid for them)
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Mongol soldiers
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kept peace in China
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Confucianism facts
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dominant philosophy in China,based on teachings of Confucious,confucious lived more than 1,500 yrs before Song Dynasty.
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Confucian Ideas
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Focused on ethics,you should conduct your life according to 2 principles: Ren - concern for others and Li - appropriate behavior,society would function best with this philosophy,order is maintained when people know their place and behave appropriately,children should respect elders and everyone should obey the ruler.
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Confucian Influences
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ideas spread by followers,not widely accepted,came about during Han,overshadowed during period of disunion and it lost some of it's influence.
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Scholar officals performed
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many important jobs and were admired for their knowledge and ethics.
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Age of Buddhism
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one of the world's greatest religions originated in India around 500 BC,came to China during Han Dynasty,many people turned to during period of disorder,continued to influence life in CHina during Sui & Tang Dynasties,400-845 is the Age of Buddhism
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Buddhism facts
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many people turned to it because they took comfort in the teachings that people can escape suffering & achieve a state of peace
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more Buddhism facts
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Chinese missionaries introduced it to Japan,Korea,and other Asian lands. Influenced culture,art,literature & architecture
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End of Buddhism
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Ended when a Tang Emperor launched a campaign against Buddhism and burned books&temples.
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After Golden Age of Buddhism
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did not destroy influence in Buddhism in China completely,
people began to blend elements of Buddhism with elements of other philosophies especially Confucianism & Daoism. |
