7Th Fowler World History

Front 1

_____ dominated Europes landscape during the Middle Ages.

Back 1

Castles

Front 2

During the 1500s more people moved into the _____.

Back 2

towns

Front 3

Why did towns grow throughout Europe?
1
2
3

Back 3

1. improved farming methods allowed people to leave the manors and farm for themselves
2. the growth of trade towns allowed people to trade more
3. town became places of opportunities; class rigidness began to break down

Front 4

How did towns develop?
1
2
3

Back 4

1. Traders got tired of the traveling.
2. Traders needed protection.
3. Traders needed to be near a river.

Front 5

How did the young town develop?
1
2
3
4

Back 5

1.once traders settled, other people followed
2. peasants and serfs left the manors
3. butchers, bakers, smiths, carpenters came to practice their skills
4. the Roman Catholic church sent priests

Front 6

The characteristics of the bulging town:
1
2
3

Back 6

1. protected themselves
2. as the town grew, the protection wall became too small
3. old walls came down and new walls went up

Front 7

The characteristics of the charter town:
1
2
3

Back 7

1. receiving a chart was an important event in the history of the town
2. the Lord who owned the land was approached by the people for the charter
3. the charter was a legal document listing the privileges of the townspeople

Front 8

Who were the first people to settle in the towns?

Back 8

traders

Front 9

What other people came to live in the town with the traders?

Back 9

carpenters, smiths, butchers, bakers

Front 10

How did towns change to hold more people?

Back 10

the old wall was torn down and a new wall built

Front 11

What event did the townspeople celebrate every year?

Back 11

the town's charter

Front 12

Life in a town depended on ____.

Back 12

trade

Front 13

After the fall of Rome, trade came to a standstill because:
1
2

Back 13

1.the roads were not maintained
2.danger of warfare and bandits

Front 14

Traders tried to be self sufficient by _____.

Back 14

bartering

Front 15

_____ when people needed something they could not grow or make, they would trade for it.

Back 15

barter

Front 16

In a barter economy, a person trades ______ rather than _____. for goods and services.

Back 16

goods rather than money

Front 17

In the early middle ages, few people used _________.

Back 17

money

Front 18

In the later middle ages, people used ____, trade revived and towns became centers for trade.

Back 18

money

Front 19

Problems with using money were:
1
2
3
4

Back 19

1. each town had its own kind of money
2.Moneychangers could exchange money from other town because they knew the value - known as "bench" because they would sit on a bench to do business
3. trade between farmers and merchants started the system of economy we have today
4. Letters of credit allowed merchants to travel without a lot of money (who were scared of being robbed).

Front 20

How does a letter of credit work?

Back 20

The merchant would give the banker an amount of money,and the banker would give him a letter of credit for that amount of money.

Front 21

___ ____ where local peasants would bring their own goods for trade to craftsman and store merchants.

Back 21

Local trade

Front 22

How did local trade benefit the peasants and merchants?

Back 22

Both needed what the other had, and the trade allowed them to get what they needed.

Front 23

What problems arose from increased trading?
1
2

Back 23

1.As trade increased, bartering became difficult.
2.To simplify trading, people started using money again

Front 24

Why was there a problem with using money again in the later middle ages?

Back 24

Because each town had its own kind of money.

Front 25

How did banks come about?

Back 25

People needed a way to change money from one town to money from another town.

Front 26

The word bank comes from the Italian word "_________".

Back 26

"bench"

Front 27

Why was the word bank used to describe the early moneychangers?

Back 27

Because the moneychangers would sit on benches and change the money from one town to the money of another town because they knew the different money values.

Front 28

Why did banks begin to loan money to merchants?

Back 28

Because the merchants could expand their businesses, and pay back the money to the bankers.

Front 29

___ ___ ______ were the forerunners of the modern banking system.

Back 29

Letters of credit.

Front 30

New towns grew up around temporary ___ and _____.

Back 30

markets and fairs

Front 31

Older towns found that _____ started becoming more important as trade increased.

Back 31

markets

Front 32

At a typical town market or fair, someone would find many __ ___.

Back 32

unusual goods

Front 33

Items such as ___ and ___ ____ were usually purchased by the rich.

Back 33

spices and colorful silks

Front 34

Poor people could afford ____ to color their clothes.

Back 34

dyes

Front 35

Why were guilds started?

Back 35

As towns grew, more good and services became available, and some type of control and order was needed.

Front 36

Groups of men and women who worked in the same industry, joined together to control their product in ______.

Back 36

guilds

Front 37

Two groups of people made up the industry of towns:
1
2

Back 37

1. Merchants
2. Craftsman

Front 38

______ bought and sold goods, while ______ manufactured the goods.

Back 38

Merchants
craftsman

Front 39

In the later middle ages, merchants and craftsman organized themselves into _____.

Back 39

guilds

Front 40

Merchant guilds included all merchants who sold the ____ ______.

Back 40

same product

Front 41

Craftsman guilds included all craftsmen making the ___ ______.

Back 41

same product

Front 42

Guilds had:
1
2
3

Back 42

1.had rules and regulations
2. set quality standards
3.regulated the industry (protected their customers)

Front 43

According to the guild, if you wanted to learn a trade, you had to:
1
2
3
4

Back 43

1. apprentice - went to live and work in the house of the master craftsman - worked for 2 to 10 years
2.journeyman- hired himself out to work for other masters (journeyman comes from the French word which means a "day's work".
3.If a journeyman wanted to become a master, he had to submit a masterpiece to the guild and was tested.
4.If he passed, he was given the title of Master and could open his own shop.

3.

Front 44

Life in the towns was rarely dull. (t/f)

Back 44

True

Front 45

Why were guilds considered more than business organizations?

Back 45

Guilds provide:
1)a social life for the town,
2)they held banquets and pageants,
3)they looked after the sick and old
4)they held events such as horse racing and boxing

Front 46

What were homes like in the middle ages?

Back 46

They were usually small one or two rooms. Craftsman made shops behind their homes.

Front 47

Why did towns build upper stories onto existing homes?

Back 47

Because space was limited inside the walls of the town.

Front 48

What were some of the dangers in towns
1
2

Back 48

1. the constant threat of fire because the homes were made of wood, and
2. the fear of disease because of the crowded conditions of the towns

Front 49

What disease killed 1/4 to 1/2 of all Europe in the middle ages.

Back 49

bubonic plague

Front 50

The ___ ____ church played a big part in the town.

Back 50

Roman catholic

Front 51

Each town had its own ___ and ___.

Back 51

church and priest

Front 52

Later on, the church provided ______ to help the towns.

Back 52

friars

Front 53

There were two groups of friars:
1
2

Back 53

1. Dominican
2. Francisan

Front 54

The friars provided:
1
2

Back 54

1. they preached and taught
2. cared for the sick

Front 55

The friars taught one could ___ their salvation.

Back 55

earn

Front 56

We believe as Christians that salvation is a ___ ___.

Back 56

free gift

Front 57

____ an arichtectural style in the Middle Ages that had a lot of elements of Roman style.

Back 57

Romanesque

Front 58

___ a new architectural style that was light and airy.

Back 58

Gothic

Front 59

___ a new order rank of clergy who preached and cared for the poor.

Back 59

friars

Front 60

__ ___ was a disease that was caused from poor santitation.

Back 60

Black Death

Front 61

__the last ranking of guilds (could open a shop).

Back 61

Master

Front 62

A _____ was a symbol of the town's spirit.

Back 62

cathedral

Front 63

_____ is the best piece of work the journeyman had ever done.

Back 63

masterpiece

Front 64

____ hired himself out to other masters; wandering from town to town.

Back 64

journeyman

Front 65

_____ work and lives in the home of a master.

Back 65

apprentice

Front 66

____ an organization for merchants and craftsman

Back 66

Guilds

Front 67

___ __ _____ an amount of money given to a banker who would give the merchant a note of the same amount.

Back 67

Letter of credit

Front 68

____ were moneychangers that sat on benches to do their business with money.

Back 68

banks

Front 69

______ knew the different kinds and sizes of coins from other towns.

Back 69

moneychangers

Front 70

_____ often came to new towns and set up temporary markets

Back 70

fairs

Front 71

___ ____ a visible support for thin walls of the cathedals.

Back 71

flying buttresses

Front 72

____ ____ is colored glass that covered te walls of the cathedral.

Back 72

stained glass

Front 73

_____ is located in Western Europe.

Back 73

France

Front 74

France is bordered on the east by 1 2 3 4 5 and 6.

Back 74

1.Belgium
2.Germany
3.Italy
4.Luxembourgh
5.Monaco
6.Switzerland

Front 75

To the North of France is the ___ __.

Back 75

English Channel

Front 76

To the West of France is the __ __.

Back 76

Atlantic Ocean

Front 77

To the South of France is 1 2 and 3.

Back 77

1.Audorra
2.Spain
3.Mediterranean Sea

Front 78

France has (2) climates:
1
2

Back 78

1.most of the country is temperate moderate,
2.the mountain areas change with elevation

Front 79

______ is the geographical features.

Back 79

topography

Front 80

France is divided into two sections: 1_______ and 2___.

Back 80

1. north and west -plains, low hills and plateaus
2. south and east -high plateaus and mountains

Front 81

_____ elevated land, flat on top.

Back 81

plateau

Front 82

The highest peak in France is ______ _____ located on the ________ border.

Back 82

Mt. Blanc

Italian border

Front 83

Name the four wide, river valleys:
1
2
3
4

Back 83

1.Seine
2.Loive
3.Garonne
4.Rhone

Front 84

The natural resources of France:
1
2
3

Back 84

1.rich soil is advantage over other European countries.
2.many rivers-hydroelectric
3.major deposits of iron ore and bauxite

Front 85

Geographic and cultural facts of France:
1
2
3
4

Back 85

1.broad plains allow invaders in
2.in times of greatness for France - 17th century
3.military superiority made France the center of European culture
4.has become industrial, but still agricultural.