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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Age structure diagrams |
broad base = rapid growth; narrow base = negative growth; uniform shape = zero growth |
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First, second and third most populated countries |
China, India, U.S. |
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Most important thing affecting population growth |
low status of women |
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Ways to decrease birth rate |
family planning, contraception, economic rewards and penalties |
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Percent water on earth by type |
97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater |
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Salinization of soil |
in arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind |
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Ways to conserve water |
agriculture = drip/trickle irrigation; industry = recycling; home = use gray water, repair leaks, low flow fixtures |
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Point & non point sources |
Point, from specific location such as a pipe. Non-point, from over an area such as runoff |
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BOD |
biological oxygen demand, amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials |
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Eutrophication |
rapid algal growth caused by an excess of nitrates (NO3) - and phosphates (PO4) 3- in water |
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Hypoxia |
when aquatic plants die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO drops & the water cannot support life |
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Minamata disease |
(1932-1968, Japan) mental impairments caused by methylmercury (CH3Hg)+ poisoning |
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Primary air pollutants |
produced by humans & nature (CO,CO2,SOx,NOx, hydrocarbons, particulates) |
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Natural selection |
organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation |
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Particulate matter |
Source: burning fossil fuels and diesel exhaust Effect: reduces visibility & respiratory irritation Reduction: filtering, electrostatic precipitators, alternative energy) |
