Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 division of the autonomic nervous system (ans)
|
sympathetic nervous system - parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
sympathetic nervous system is the "____ or ____" system activated in ____ situation
|
"fight or flight" - emergency
|
|
sympathetic n.s.. ____ heart rate
|
increase
|
|
sympathetic n.s. dilate ____ ____ & ____
|
bronchial tubes - pupils
|
|
sympathetic n.s.. constrict the blood vessels to the ____ ____
|
digestive system
|
|
sympathetic n.s.. stimulates secretion of ____ & ____ from the adrenal gland
|
epinephrine - norepinephrine
|
|
sympathetic n.s.. inhibits
|
digestion
|
|
sympathetic n.s.. aids ____ in males ("feed & breed" system)
|
ejaculation
|
|
neurons in the sympathetic n.s.. emerge through the ventral roots of spinal nerves ____-____ (thoracolumbar outflow)
|
T1-L2
|
|
preganglionic sympathetic neuron bodies are in the ____ ____ of the spinal cord at the ____-____ levels
|
lateral horns - T1-L2
|
|
preganglionic sympathetic axons are short/long?
|
short
|
|
preganglionic sympathetic function route
|
preganglionic - ventral roots - spinal nerve - white ramus communicantes
|
|
preganglionic sympathetic neuron synapse with a postganglionic neuron in the ____ chain ganglia
|
paravertebral
|
|
paravertebral chain ganglia is located ____ to the spinal cord on both sides
|
lateral
|
|
how many pairs of paravertebral ganglia on lateral sides of vertebral columns
|
22-23
|
|
preganglionic fibers ____ or ____ within the chain to synapse within a ganglion & a different level
|
ascend - descend
|
|
some sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass through the chain ganglion without ____
|
synapsing
|
|
sympathetic preganglionic fibers that pass through the chain ganglion without synapsing are called ____
|
splanchnic nerves
|
|
sympathetic splanchnic nerves synapse in ganglia anterior to the ____ ____ (near aorta)
|
vertebral column
|
|
ganglion in sympathetic splanchnic nerves are called
|
prevertebral or collateral ganglia
|
|
sympathetic splanchnic nerves innervate ____ muscles of the ____ & ____ viscera & their ____ ____
|
smooth - abdominal - pelvic - blood vessels
|
|
all sympathetic preganglionic neurons release ____ as a neurotransmitter (cholinergic)
|
acetylcholine
|
|
in postganglionic sympathetic neurons, axons are short/long?
|
long
|
|
postganglionic sympathetic axons exit paravertebral ganglia via the ____ ____ ____ (unmyelinated & re-enter spinal n.)
|
gray rami communicantes
|
|
after postganglionic sympathetic axons exit paravertebral ganglia, they continue on to ____ (viscera, blood vessels, sweat glands)
|
effectors
|
|
postganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the paravertebral ganglia to innervate (3)
|
viscera - blood vessels - sweat glands
|
|
gray rami communicantes in postganglionic sympathetic axons are ____ (myelinated or unmyelinated)
|
unmyelinated
|
|
postganglionic sympathetic neurons release ____ (adrenergic) with the exception of neurons to the ____ ____ & ____ ____ (cholinergic)
|
norepinephrine - blood vessels - sweat glands
|
|
adrenal medulla is innervated by
|
preganglionic sympathetic neuron
|
|
adrenal medulla causes release of ____ & ____ into the ____
|
epinephrine - norepinephrine - bloodstream
|
|
adrenal medulla has the same effect as the ____ system but last ____-____ times longer
|
sympathetic - 5-10
|
|
epinephrine & norepinephrine have ____ effects on the body
|
similar
|
|
____ has a greater effect on cardiac stimulation
|
epinephrine
|
|
epinephrine raises ____ ____ & increases ____ ____
|
blood pressure - metabolic rate
|
|
both epinephrine & norepinephrine are secreted by ____ ____ in response to ____ stimulation
|
adrenal medulla - sympathetic
|