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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zebrafish: a model vertebrate (6 features)
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Embryonic development external to female
Optical clarity Development of body plan complete at 24 hours High fecundity Short generation time Maintained at high density |
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beta-galactosidase is encoded by which gene?
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lacZ. Combined lacZ and neomycin is termed beta-geo
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Cre is a
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phage enzyme which which can excise segments of dna planked by loxP sites
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ganciclovir
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kills cells which have incorporated constructs expressing the thymidine kinase gene as thymidine kinase converts ganciclovir to a cytotoxic product.
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luciferase is
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an enzyme which converts luciferin to a phosphorescent product- allows measurement of expression with high sensitivity.
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refractive index
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velocity of light in a vacuum/ velocity of light in a given material
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numerical aperture formula
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NA=n sin u
n= the lowest refractive index between the obeject and first objective element u is 1/2 the angular aperture of the objective |
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microscopy's three parts are
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magnification, resolution, contrast
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abbe's equation
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dmin = 1.22λ / 2NA
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Koehler
Illumination |
• Ensures illumination is centred
and even • Matches NA of condenser with objective to achieve maximal resolution • Improper set-up results in shadows, artefacts and incorrect colours. • Pre-requisite for contrastenhancing methods |
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3 types of direct labelling
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histological stains, ion indicators (live cell imaging), organelle labels (live cell imaging and fixed preparations).
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3 types of antibody detection
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horseradish peroxidase and DAB chromagen, fluorescent detection (alexa fluor/ FITC/ quantum dots) electron microscopy (nanogold labelling, DAB, quantum dots).
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Multiple Testing =
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when you are asking many questions at the same
time (e.g. studying many RNAs at once using a microarray). |
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False Discovery Rate =
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the number of incorrect findings you will
accept in your results (this is a common way of dealing with the problems raised by multiple testing) |
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a gene regulatory network is...
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a representation of relationships between RNAs
Proteins, signalling pathways and metaboiltes are the’ hidden engine’ that determines the gene network edges |
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practical aspects of bioinformatics
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evolutionary biology, structural bolecular modeling, phylogenetics, metagenomics
Genome sequencing, assembly, and mapping = generating and using information about genomes Genomic, Proteomic, Glycomic and Metabolomic analysis = gaining an understanding of biology and pathology by measuring the abundance of thousands of molecules in cells or tissues Integrative bioinformatics = Bringing data about different aspects of cells and tissues together to allow a more holistic understanding of normal function and pathology Clinical bioinformatics = bringing clinical information and molecular information together to optimise treatment |
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Technical aspects of bioinformatics
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Biological databases = large, organized bodies of persistent data,
usually associated with computerized software designed to mine the data Computational biology = the actual process of analyzing and interpreting biological data Bioinformatic tool development = the development of new algorithms (mathematical formulas) and statistics which assist interpretation of biological data In silico modeling = mathematic models of biological situations to limit the “search space” for laboratory hypotheses testing |
