Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Neural migration |
process through which neurons move, grow and connect as the basic neural tube develop s in a more mature brain |
|
|
Cephalocaudal |
Development occurs most intensely at the head and proceeds downward toward the body |
|
|
Proximodistal |
Pattern of embryonic development proceeding from the centre of the organism outward |
|
|
Apoptosis |
Genetically programmed process of cell death |
|
|
Teratogens |
External compounds that an cause extreme deviations from typical development |
|
|
Synaptic pruning |
Facilitates changes in neural structure by reducing the overall number of synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations |
|
|
Experience-dependent plasticity |
Ability of nervous system to wire and rewire itself in response to lasting changes in experiences |
|
|
Experience-expectant plasticity |
Development that will not happen unless a particular experience occurs during its critical period |
|
|
Speech development is an example of... |
Experience-expectant plasticity |
|
|
Social learning theory |
View of psychologists who emphasize behaviour, env. and cognition as key factors in development |
|
|
Reciprocal determinism |
A person'e behaviour is both influenced by and reinforces his attitudes and behaviours in the environment |
|
|
Perceived self-efficacy |
An individual's perception of his abilities to master a situation and produce favourable outcomes |
|
|
Executive functioning |
Functions involved in goal-directed behaviour I.e., planning and problem-solving |
|
|
Identical twins |
Formed when morula splits into two parts DNA is shared |
|
|
Fraternal twins |
Result from fertilization of two different ova by two different sperm DNA is different |
|
|
Trophoblast makes |
Amniotic sac and placenta |
|
|
Inner cell mass makes |
Embryo |
|
|
Endoderm |
Digestive system, urinary tract, lungs |
|
|
Mesoderm |
Muscles, bone, circulatory system |
|
|
Ectoderm |
Teeth, hair, CNS, skin |
|
|
Teratogen types |
alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs and viruses |
|
|
Operant conditioning |
B.F. Skinner People tend to repeat beahviours t |
|
|
Classical conditioning |
Watson Conditioning is the primary way through which children learn about the world |
|
|
Powerful reinforcer for young children |
Receiving attention--both positive and negative |
|
|
Reinforcement |
More difficult to extinguish intermittently reinforced behaviour than consistently reinforced behaviour |
|
|
Stem cells |
Have not undergone epigenetic modification |
|
|
Rooting Reflex |
When someone touches an infant's cheek he turns his head in the direction of touch and opens his mouth |
|
|
Sucking reflex |
Infant sucks when something is put in his mouth |
|
|
Babinski reflex |
The infant fans his toes out and curls them back in when the bottom of his foot is stroked |
|
|
Moro relfex |
Infant throws out his arms and grasps if he feels himself dropping |
|
|
Stepping relfex |
infants produce walking movements if the are held over a flat surface |
|
|
Reaching/grasping reflex |
Until 3 months, infants grasp anything that touches their palms and display pre-reaching--poorly guided movements towards interesting objects. Replaced by intentional grasping at three months. |
|
|
Stranger anxiety |
Lasts from 6-12 months, and infants experiencing this cry and cling to their mothers when strangers are around |
|
|
Seperation anxiety |
Lasts from 6-15 months Infants cry, are aroused, and cling to their caregiver when she attempts to leave them |
|
|
Egocentrism |
The child's belief that others see the world the same way as themselves |
