7 - Sentence Correction

Front 1

What are the 4 categories of altered meaning (clarity) on SC? Describe

Back 1

Word placement, known vs. unknown, multiple meanings, such as vs. like

Front 2

Describe clarity of meaning: Known versus unknown. Name words of uncertainty.

Back 2

Questions where original sentence is certain about an outcome, but the answer choices indicate uncertainty (or vice versa). May, might, should, ought, would, can, could…(were vs. were as if)

Front 3

Such as vs. like

Back 3

Such as indicates examples. Like indicates similarity. Animals such as lions and zebras live in Africa. Animals like lions and zebras live in Africa.

Front 4

Name the additive phrases that DO NOT create a compound subject:

Back 4

along with, in addition to, as well as, accompanied by, together with, including

Front 5

Only the word _______ creates a combound subject

Back 5

AND

Front 6

Name the words that create disjunctive prhases (two subjects)

Back 6

or, either…or, neither…nor

Front 7

For disjuncitve phrases, what is the rule for subjects and verbs?

Back 7

Find the subject nearest to the verb and make sure that the verb agrees in number with the subject.

Front 8

When the words _______ or ________ are in a sentence alone, they are NOT considered to be part of a disjunctive phrase and take _______ verbs.

Back 8

EITHER or NEITHER are in sentences alone, they take SINGULAR verbs

Front 9

Collective nouns are always considered __________.

Back 9

SINGULAR.

Front 10

List indefinite pronouns that are always considered SINGULAR.

Back 10

Anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, whatever, whoever, either, neither, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, every.

Front 11

5 indefinite pronouns that can be either SINGULAR or PLURAL…how do you tell

Back 11

SANAM: Some, Any, None, All, Most. Look at the "of construction" (object of preposition)

Front 12

When each / every is the subject of the sentence, it requires _______ form

Back 12

SINGULAR.

Front 13

When each / every precedes the subject, then the verb is _______

Back 13

SINGULAR.

Front 14

When each / everyis AFTER subject it has _____________

Back 14

no bearing on the verb form. Ex: They each are great tennis players.

Front 15

The phrase, "the number of" always takes the __________ form

Back 15

SINGULAR.

Front 16

The phrase, "a number of" always takes the __________ form

Back 16

PLURAL

Front 17

If the subject of a sentence is an entire phrase / clause, then the verb is ______

Back 17

SINGULAR. Having good friends IS a wonderful thing.

Front 18

When in doubt of S-V agremeent, think __________

Back 18

SINGULAR.

Front 19

The two types of subjects that are ALWAYS plural are:

Back 19

Subjects joined by the word AND. Subjects preceded by "a number of".

Front 20

The three types of subjects that are sometimes PLURAL / SINGULAR:

Back 20

Disjunctive phrases, SANAM pronouns, other numerical words.

Front 21

The two verb moods tested on the GMAT:

Back 21

indicative and subjunctive

Front 22

Never split an _______

Back 22

infinitive.

Front 23

Present perfect

Back 23

have / has + past participle. Something that started in the past and is still going.

Front 24

Past perfect

Back 24

had + past participle. The before before tense.

Front 25

BEGIN => Irregular Verbs

Back 25

begin, began, has/have/had begun

Front 26

BROUGHT => Irregular Verbs

Back 26

brought, brought, has/have/had brought

Front 27

DO => Irregular Verbs

Back 27

do, did, has/have/had done

Front 28

DRINK => Irregular Verbs

Back 28

drink, drank, has/have/had drunk

Front 29

FORGET => Irregular Verbs

Back 29

forget, forgot, has/have/had forgotten

Front 30

GET => Irregular Verbs

Back 30

get, got, has/have/had gotten

Front 31

GO => Irregular Verbs

Back 31

go, went, has/have/had gone

Front 32

HANG (object) => Irregular Verbs

Back 32

hang, hung, has/have/had hung

Front 33

HANG (person) => Irregular Verbs

Back 33

hang, hanged, has/have/had hanged

Front 34

LAY (to put) => Irregular Verbs

Back 34

lay, laid, has/have/had laid

Front 35

LIE (to tell an untruth) => Irregular Verbs

Back 35

lie, lied, has/have/had lied

Front 36

LIE (to recline) => Irregular Verbs

Back 36

lie, lay, has/have/had lain

Front 37

RISE => Irregular Verbs

Back 37

rise, rose, has/have/had risen

Front 38

SWIM => Irregular Verbs

Back 38

swim, swam, has/have/had swum

Front 39

THROW => Irregular Verbs

Back 39

throw, threw, has/have/had thrown

Front 40

Sentences that use the word IF to describe hypothetical conditions require a conditional verb construction:

Back 40

PRESENT: If x, then x WILL + BASE VERB. PAST: If x, then x WOULD/COULD + BASE. PAST PERFECT: If x, then x WOULD/COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Front 41

"If" versus "Whether"

Back 41

If does not always signal a conditional sentence. If the word if carries the meaning of whether, then the GMAT prefers whether instead of if.

Front 42

When do you use the subjunctive mood?

Back 42

1.) IF clauses, when the IF clause expresses a condition contrary to reality. 2.) Hopes, proposals, desires, and requests formed with the word that.

Front 43

What is the format of the subjunctive with the IF clause.

Back 43

If x were, y would. Or x would, if y were. "If he was"is always wrong on the GMAT. If he were tall, he would play basketball better.

Front 44

What is the format of the subjunctive with hopes, wishes, desires, requests formed with that…

Back 44

that + the infinitive verb (without the word to). It is urgent that she SIGN the permission slip.

Front 45

The passive voice is formed with a form of _____

Back 45

"to be" followed by a participle. The pizza was eaten by the hungry students.

Front 46

_____is also required when non-underlined portion of sentence contains person / agent performing the action preceded by the word ___.

Back 46

Passive….by. The shuttle launch WAS seen around the world by people of all ages.

Front 47

Name three pronoun rules:

Back 47

1.) Every pronoun must clearly refer to 1 and only 1 antecedent. 2.) Does pronoun agree with antecedent in number? 3.) Does pronoun agree with case (subject, object, possessive)?

Front 48

I => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 48

I, me, my/mine

Front 49

you => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 49

you, you, your/yours

Front 50

he => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 50

he, him, his

Front 51

she => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 51

she, her, her/hers

Front 52

it => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 52

it, it, its

Front 53

we => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 53

we, us, our/ours

Front 54

they => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 54

they, them, their/theirs

Front 55

who => Subject/Object/Possessive pronouns

Back 55

who, whom, whose

Front 56

Possessive pronouns can refer back to possessive nouns. But, ___ and ___ pronouns cannot refer back to ______ nouns

Back 56

But, subject and object pronouns may NOT refer back to possessive nouns. INCORRECT EXAMPLE: Jose's room is so messy, that his mother calls him a pig.

Front 57

Deadly 4 pronouns on GMAT:

Back 57

it, its, they, their

Front 58

Modifiers are usually ______________

Back 58

set off by commas.

Front 59

After you find a modifying phrase, find the ____ being modified. If it is not there, then then you have a ________

Back 59

Find the Noun being modified. If you can't find it, then you have a dangling modifier.

Front 60

Modifier should always touch the _____it modifies.

Back 60

Modifier should always touch the noun it modifies.

Front 61

Dangling modifiers often appear in sentences that have ________ nouns.

Back 61

Possessive nouns => INCORRECT EX: Unskilled in complex math, Bill's score was bad. CORRECT: Unskilled in complex math, Bill had a poor score.

Front 62

Adverbial modifiers _______ need to touch the words they modify.

Back 62

Adv. Modifiers do not need to touch the words they modify.

Front 63

How do you know if a modifier is an adverbial modifier?

Back 63

If it answers the question: how?

Front 64

Modifying phrases are introduced by ________ pronouns. List (6)

Back 64

Relative pronouns => which, that, where, who whose, whom.

Front 65

That vs which

Back 65

That introduces essential modifiers. Which introduces non-essential modifiers

Front 66

who vs which vs that ??

Back 66

Who introduces a person / people. Which introduces phrases that modify things. That modifies either people or things.

Front 67

Who / whom can introduce _______ or ________ modifiers

Back 67

essential / non-essential modifiers

Front 68

The relative pronoun _______ often signals trouble on the GMAT…

Back 68

which. When which is used as a relative pronoun, it refers to the noun immediately preceding it. EX: The police found the murder weapon, which made the prosecutor's job much easier. If which refers to the action of the preceding clause, you must look among the choices for an alternative that either links which properly with the noun antecedent, or rework the sentence to avoid the use of which.

Front 69

When working with parallel infinitives, it is acceptable to leave out the word ___ in all the infinitives after the first.

Back 69

to….

Front 70

Often pronouns signal parallel structures: (4)

Back 70

which, that, those, who

Front 71

Many idioms have parallel structure…what words indicate parallel structure?

Back 71

more, less, as, same, from, both, etc….

Front 72

More x ____ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 72

More x than y

Front 73

the more x the _____ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 73

The more x the greater y

Front 74

No less was x _____ _____ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 74

No less was X than was Y

Front 75

As x ___ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 75

As x to y

Front 76

Not only X _____ _____Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 76

Not only x but also y

Front 77

X ____ of Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 77

x instead of y

Front 78

The same to X ____ ___ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 78

the same to x as to y

Front 79

Range ____ x ____ Y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 79

range from x to y

Front 80

Both x ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 80

both x and y

Front 81

Either x ___ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 81

either x or y

Front 82

Neither x ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 82

neither x nor y

Front 83

Mistake x ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 83

mistake x for y

Front 84

Prefer x ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 84

prefer x to y

Front 85

X regarded ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 85

x regarded as y

Front 86

to think of x ___ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 86

to think of x as y

Front 87

believe x ____ ____ y => Idioms w/ Parallel Structure

Back 87

believe x to be y

Front 88

When you see a verb to be, be sure that the two sides of the verb _______

Back 88

are parallel in form and meaning..INCORRECT EX: The flower bouquet WAS the husband's giving of love to his wife. CORRECT: The flower bouquet WAS the husband's loving gift to his wife. INCORRECT: The attitudes of that politician always SEEM TO BE attacking the poor. CORRECT: B/c of his intolerant attitude, that politician always SEEMS TO BE attacking the poor.

Front 89

like vs as

Back 89

Like compares nouns. As compares clauses / verbs.

Front 90

Do NOT use like when you mean ____. Instead, use the phrase ____

Back 90

Do not use like when you mean for example. Use such as.

Front 91

Comparisons must be _______ parallel and _______ parallel…

Back 91

Logically parallel and Structurally parallel.

Front 92

Many => countable / non-countable?

Back 92

Countable

Front 93

Much => countable / non-countable?

Back 93

Non-Countable

Front 94

As Much….as => countable / non-countable?

Back 94

Non-Countable

Front 95

Few/Fewer => countable / non-countable?

Back 95

Countable

Front 96

As many…as => countable / non-countable?

Back 96

Countable

Front 97

Number of => countable / non-countable?

Back 97

Countable

Front 98

Amount of => countable / non-countable?

Back 98

Non-Countable

Front 99

The number of => singular / plural?

Back 99

Singular

Front 100

A number of => singular / plural?

Back 100

Plural

Front 101

When you see the word increase / decrease, look for ________

Back 101

Redundancy

Front 102

If you see two independent clauses, beware of _______

Back 102

No logical connectors between them (run on sentence)

Front 103

Name 4 things that are ALWAYS wrong on the GMAT:

Back 103

1.) do it 2.) the numbers of 3.) whether or not 4.) being. Change to: 1.) do so 2.) the number of 3.) whether.