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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What % of body weight is blood?
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5%
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How many liters of blood do we have?
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5L
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What is blood?
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A specialized connective tissue
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What is the ECM component of blood? What are the cells?
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ECM = plasma
Cells = RBCs, WBCs, platelets |
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What do you add when centrifuging to prevent clots?
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Heparin
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3 components of plasma/%ages:
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90% water
10% protein -some salts/gases |
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What proteins in plasma?
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-Albumin
-Globulins -Clotting proteins, complement and lipoproteins |
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What is Serum?
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The fluid phase remaining after you've let a clot form and removed it.
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In a normal CBC what is a normal
-RBC count? -WBC count? |
RBC = 4-5 x 10^6/uL
WBC = 6-10 x 10^3/uL |
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Standard size of an RBC:
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7.5 um in diameter
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Do RBCs have a nucleus or organelles?
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NO
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How do RBCs get their energy?
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Via glycolysis on the anaerobic pathway
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What is the thing that makes RBCs pink?
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hemoglobin
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What is the major integral protein in the RBC membrane?
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Band 3
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What is Band 3 and what does it do?
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Band 3 is an ANION TRANSPORTER that exports Bicarbonate ions from the RBC.
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Why do RBCs need to get rid of bicarb?
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Because they pick up CO2 at peripheral tissues and carbonic anhydrase converts it into bicarb.
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What else does Band 3 do?
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Binds Ankyrin to maintain the biconcave shape of the cell.
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What is Ankyrin bound to?
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The sub-plasma membrane network of Spectrins, Actin, and Band 4.1
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Recap; RBC cytoskeletons contain what 3 important filaments?
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-Spectrins
-Actin -Band 4.1 |
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What is attached to the outer RBC membrane?
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Glycoproteins that confer blood type
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What gas binds hemoglobin irreversibly?
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CO
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What replaces normal HbA in adults with B-thallasemia?
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HbF
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What is the abnormality in sickle cell anemia?
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Subtitution of Valine for Glutamic Acid at the 6th pos of the beta chain
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3 types of granules in neutrophils:
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-Azurophilic
-Specific -Tertiary |
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What are the azurophilic granules in PMNs?
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Lysosomes
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What is the major function of PMNs?
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killing bacteria
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How do neutrophils get to bacteria?
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By releasing their specific and tertiary granules to degrade ECM
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How do PMNs kill bacteria?
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By continuing to release their granules
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What do PMNs do after they kill the bug?
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They eat it - phagocytosis
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What causes pus to form?
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The release of hydrolytic enzymes into the phagosome causing a RESPIRATORY BURST
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What causes the respiratory burst?
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NADPH oxidase
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What is the lifespan of a PMN?
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A few days
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2 types of granules in eosinophils:
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-Azurophilic (nonspecific lysosomes)
-Specific |
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What is the crystalloid center in eosinophilic specific granules?
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The internum
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What does the internum contain?
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Major basic protein
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What are the 3 functions of an eosinophil?
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1. Kill parasites
2. Phagocytize Ab/Ag complexes 3. Secrete leukotriene |
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What does a high number of eos indicate?
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-Parasitic infection
-Allergies |
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What is the treatment for asthma and why?
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Leukotriene receptor blockers - b/c eosinophils make the stuff which causes edema, constriction, and mucus secretion at the lungs.
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What do basophilic specific granules contain?
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-Heparin
-Histamine |
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What cells are basophils very similar to?
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Mast cells
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How do basophils function?
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1. Ag causes PLASMA cell to make IgE; IgE binds mast cell/baso
2. If Ag returns, it immediately binds IgE on baso; baso releases its granule contents. |
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What is the result of basophil degranulation?
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-Vasodilation
-Leakiness of blood vessels -Bronchoconstriction |
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What is the lifespan of basophils, in contrast to PMNs and eos?
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LONG-LIVED - a few years
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What type of immune reaction is caused by basophils?
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Anaphylactic shock
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What are the agranulocytes?
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Monos and lymphos
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What are monos?
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The largest WBC
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What are the functions of monocytes?
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-Phagocytosis after they become macrophages
-Antigen presenting cells |
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What is the lifespan of monos?
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A few days in blood
Several months in CT |
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2 types of lymphos:
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B and T
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How do lymphos behave in comparison to mast cells?
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They have Immunologic memory and only respond to 1 antigen.
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What do B lymphs become?
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Plasma cells
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Platelets come from
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Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
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What is the dark region in platelets?
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The granulomere
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What does the granulomere contain?
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Clotting factors and PDGF
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What is the Hyalomere?
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Microtubules at the peripheral light region.
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