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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are cells?
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basic units of life
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What do organelles do?
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maintain homeostasis (keep thinks working)
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mitochondrion
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produce energy from food
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vacuole
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sac that stores water or other stuff
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ribosome
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makes proteins
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endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)
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network of "roads" in the cell to transport materials
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1st stage of cellular respiration
#where? #what happens? #what is released? #is oxygen invovled? |
#In the cytoplasm
#glucose (sugar) is broken down #small amont of energy is released #no oxygen is invovled |
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2nd and 3rd stages of cellular respiration
#what happens? #what is released? |
#smaller molecules from stage 1 are broken even further, releasing a lot of energy
#energy, carbon dioxide, and water are released |
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What do glucose, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have in common?
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Cellular respiration makes carbon dioxide. Plants use that in the process of photosynthesis to make glucose.
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When would cells need to use fermentation instead of cellular respiration?
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When there is not enough oxygen available.
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What are the 2 types of fermentation?
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Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation |
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Describe alcohol fermentation.
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Occurs in yeast and other kinds of bacteria. It produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.
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Describe lactic acid fermentation.
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Molecules are broken down to make lactic acid, which is harmful to cells. Occurs in fungi, bacteria, and sometimes human muscles.
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What is "selectively permeable"?
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Has openings that allow only certain particles to pass through.
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What is the difference between active and passive transport?
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Passive transport does NOT requite the cell to use energy to move particles.
Active transport requires extra energy. |
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Name 2 types of passive transport.
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Diffusion
Osmosis |
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Explain diffusion
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from an area of higher concentration to lower.
In other words, the stuff spreads out. |
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Explain osmosis
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Water moves ito the cell until the water is equal inside and out.
In other words, the cell soaks up or spits out half the water. Ex: If you have $25 and your friend around you has $45, she will share it so that you each have $35. |
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When would a cell need to use active transport?
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When a cell needs more than it already has, and it already has more than its surroundings.
Ex: If you have $25, but you need $50, and your friend has only $20. |
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Name the 2 types of cells in the human body.
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Somatic and gamete
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Somatic cells make up ______ and __________
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body tissue and organs
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Somatic cells replicate (copy themselves) by doing what?
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Dividing into 2 new cells.
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What's the first and longest stage of cell division? What happens?
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Interphase--the cel grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide.
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Second stage of cell division?
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Mitosis
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Name the 4 phases of mitosis and describe.
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Prophase--DNA is copied and condensed
Metaphase--Chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase--Chromosomes separate and move apart Telophase--Chromosomes uncoil and release spindle fibers |
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3rd and final stage of cell division?
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Cytokinesis--cytoplasm separates, forming two daughter cells that are now separate
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How is meiosis different thatn mitosis?
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Mitosis makes 2 identical daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each.
Meiosis makes 4 daughter cells that are not identical. |
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Name 2 types of asexual reproduction.
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Binary fission and budding.
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What is the benefit of asexual reproduction?
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It is efficient and fast and don't require cellular energy.
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chromatid
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one of the two strands of a duplicated chromosome
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gamete
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mature male or female reproductive cell
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