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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is it and what are the 3 parts of cell division?
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interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
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replication
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when the cell makes an exact copy of DNA
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Mitosis
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the division of the cell's nucleus into two new nuclei.
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4 subparts of Mitosis
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prophase, meaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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What is interphase?
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the cell grows, makes of copy of DNA,(replication) and prepares to divide into 2 cells.
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What happens during cytokinesis?
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cytoplasm divides, distribution of organelles into each of the two new cells.
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A cell membrane is selectively permeable, what does that mean?
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some substances can pass through others may not.
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What are 3 ways substances can move into and out of a cell?
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osmosis, diffusion, and active transport.
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What is the process of diffusion?
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molecules that move from high concentration to low concentration.
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What is osmosis?
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this is the diffusion of water through a cell membrane.
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Passive transport
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no cellular energy is used to move dissolved materials through the cell.
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Active tranport
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cellular energy is used.
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define celluar respiration
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when cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain), oxygen is required for this in most cells.
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respiration has 2 stages, like photosynthesis. What are the stage?
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I. in cytoplasm, the glucose molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, 2. this takes place in the mitochondria
and this breaks small |
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respiration releases what?
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energy, carbon dioxide and water.
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What are the two processes that form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in the atmosphere?
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respiration and photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis, what is it and how is it important to living things?
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use of enery from the cun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar.
nearly all living things obtain energy from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis, i.e. cow eats grass, wolf eats cow, bugs eat remains left by wolf. etc. |
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Fermentation
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an energy releasing process that does not require oxygen
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What is a product of fermentation in your body?
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lactic acid, this makes muscles feel weak and sore.
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What is a product of fermentation in yeast?
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alchohol
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What part of the plant does oxygen exit from?
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The stomata
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What part of the plant does cobon dioxide enter?
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The stomata
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What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
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capturing the sun's energy and producing sugars.
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What are elements and compounds?
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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, a compound is a combination of two or more elements that have chemically combined.
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Is water an element or a compound>?
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A compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen
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A carbohydrate is a compound
what are some examples? What part of the cell do they make up? |
sugars and starches
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Lipids are compounds, what art some examples?
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fats, oils, and waxes
Cell walls, cell parts, and cell membranes |
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Proteins are large organic molecules called what? what do they make up in a cell.
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they are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. Proteins make up the structure of cells.
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What are the smallest unit of an element?
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an atom
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What is the smallest unit of a compund?
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a molecule
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What are amino acids?
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smaller molecules that are in protien molecules
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What are enzymes?
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A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
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DNA and RNA
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RNA helps produce proteins/
DNA is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and directs cell functions. |
