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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NEMATODES ARE
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ROUNDWORMS
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T/F THRE ARE MALE AND FEMALE NEMATODES
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t
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2 types NEMATODES ARE
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INTESTINAL AND TISSUE NEMATODES
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D INTESTINAL NEMATODDS. DO THEY HAVE TISSUE PHASE?
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Presence of the adult nematode in the intestine is responsible for the disease manifestations
No tissue phase - no migration (mouth to intestine) Minor tissue phase - migration through lung tissue Closely related animal parasites behave primarily as tissue parasites in humans |
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D TISSUE NEMATODES
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Migration of larval form throughout the host tissue is responsible for the disease manifestations
Trichinella has a minor intestinal phase |
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WHAT NEAMTODES ARE AQUIRED THROUGH INJESTION
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Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm
Trichuris trichiura - whipworm Ascaris lumbricoides - roundworm |
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WHICH ARE AQUIRED THORUGH SKIN
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Ancylostoma duodenale - hookworm
Necator americanus - hookworm Strongyloides stercoralis - threadworm |
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ENTERBORIS INFECTION MANIFISTATION
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Clinical manifestations
Pruritis ani Irritability, insomnia, bed wetting Secondary rash and infection Vaginal discharge Appendicitis |
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ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS=
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PINWORM (RUSSIAN=GLIST?)
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ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS CYCLE
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FEMALE LAYS EGGS IN ANUS. ANUS ITCHES. ANUS GETS SCATCHED. IF FINGER PLACED IN MOUTH, INFECTION IS INTENSIFIED.
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TX ENTEROBIUS VEMICULARIS (PINWORM)
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PARANTHOL-OVER THE COUNTER
MEBENDAZOLE CURE RATE HIGH |
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T/F PINWORMS ARE COMMON IN SCHOOLS/GENERAL POP
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T
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Trichuris trichiura =
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WHIPWORM
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Trichuris trichiura (WHIPWORM) ADULTS LIVE IN
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Adults live in cecum where the female worm produces 20,000 eggs per day which are shed with the feces
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Trichuris trichiura (WHIPWORM) INFECTION BY
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INGESTION OF EGGS
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Trichuris trichiura (WHIPWORM) Embryonation IS IN
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SOIL
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INFECTION SEVERITY WHIPWORM
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Infections with less than 10 worms are asymptomatic
Moderate to heavy infections cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss Heavily infected children may have profuse bloody diarrhea, cramps, tenesmus and urgency which may result in rectal prolapse |
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WHIPWORM CAN CAUSE
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RECTAL PROLAPSE
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DX WHIPWORM
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Diagnosis by demonstration of characteristic eggs (“champagne corks”)
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TX WHIPWORM
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Treatment with mebendazole
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Ascaris lumbricoides=
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ROUNDWORM
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T/F ROUNDWORMS ARE VERY BIG
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T
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A. SUUM ROUNDWORM INFECTS
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PIGS
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A. LUMBRCOIDES SPECIES INFECTS
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HUMANS
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ROUNDWORM MORPHOLOY
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BIG, 3 LIP WORM
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TRANSMISSION ROUNDWORM
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Feces must be deposited on soil
3 weeks to embryonate (become infected) Eggs accidentally ingested with soil, fruits, vegetables grown close to the ground |
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ROUNDOWM CYCLE
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Fully embryonated eggs are swallowed
Larvae release in the stomach penetrate stomach or duodenal mucosa wall Larvae enter blood stream lung Larvae mature in the lungs move up and get swallowed Adults live in intestine Held in jejunum by muscular activity Live 6 months-2 years 2-3 months eggs produced |
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ROUNDWORMS HAVE MALES AND FEMALES. T/F
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T
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T/F UNMATED ROUNDOWRM FEMALE WILL TILL RELEASE UNFERTILIZED EGGS. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?
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T-SHE WILL SEARCH FOR MALE AND MOVE TO OTHER PARTS OF BODY
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T/F ROUNDWORM EGGS ARE SENSTIVE TO SUN, BUT OTHERWISE VERY RESISTANT
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T
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PRESENTATION ROUNDWORM
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-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION WITH WORNS
-MALNURISHMENT IN CHILDREN -PULMONARY SX -PENETRATION OF ORGANS -DHIARREA -VOMITING |
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D VOLVULUS
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MASS OF KNOTTED WORMS
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TX ROUNDWORM
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PIPERAZINE-TASTES REALLY BAD
MEBENDAZOLE |
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ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE AND NECATOR AMERICANUS=
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HUMAN HOOKWORMS
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LIFE CYCLE HOOKWORMS
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Adult worms live in the small intestine
female lay 5-10000 eggs a day over 5 years Eggs are passed with the feces Larvae develop outside the human body in soil The larvae move to the surface in search for a host If they come into contact with the host they penetrate the skin, enter blood vessels and leave the circulatory system into the alveoli The larvae move up the trachea are swallowed and finally reach the intestine, reach maturity |
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GROUND ITCH IS INDICATIVE OF
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HOOKWORMS
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SX PULMONARY PHASE, FEVER
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USUALLY ASSYMPTOMATIC
COUGHING, WHEEZING |
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INTESTINAL WORMS ATTACH TO----- AND FEED ON----
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MUCOSA...BLOOD
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HOOKWORMS RESULT IN
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ANEMIA
IRON DEFICIENCY STUNTED GROWTH FATIQUE |
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TX HOOKWORMS
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mebendazole
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STRONGYLOIDIASIS STERCORALIS=
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THREADWORM
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LIFE CYCLE THREADWORM
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Females fertilized by male/parthenogenesis possible
Females burrow into jejunal wall - lays eggs Eggs hatch release larvae Larvae enter lumen - pass in feces |
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THREADWORM INFECTION IS LOCATED IN
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ENTIRE BOWEL
BILIEARY AND PANCREATIC DUCT INVOLVED |
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3 LIFE CYCLE OF THREADOWRM
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FREE LIVING
AUTOINFECTION PENETRATION OF HOST |
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D FREE LIVING LIFE CYCLE
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LIFE OUTSIDE
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D PENETRATION LIFE CYCLE
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PENETRATE SKIN LIKE HOOKWORM
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WHY ARE threadworms DANGEROUS?
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NOT VERY VISSIBLE
MISDIAGNOSIS DEADLY IF DISSEMINATED |
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threadworm TRANSMISSION
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BARE SKIN CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED SOIL
INJESTION OF FOOD OR MILK PHYSICAL CONTACT AUTOINFECTION |
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threadworm MANIFESTATIONS
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Skin
Initial penetration asymptomatic Red raised serpiginous lesions may develop Recur at irregular intervals Common over lower back and buttocks Probably related to episodes of autoinfections Pulmonary coughing, wheezing, and fever Similar to ascarisis and hookworm disease Intestinal Usually asymptomatic small # of worms Abdominal pain and tenderness (“peptic ulcer) Flatulance, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Malabsorption with weight loss Ileus with intestinal obstruction-Inhibition of bowel motility Ulcerative colitis, intestinal perforation |
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threadworm DISSEMINATION CAUSES
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ENCEPHALITIS
HEMORRHAGIC PNEMONIA DEATH |
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DX threadworm
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DIFFICULT
-FIND LARVAE IN STOOL -EOSINOPHILIA -SEROLOGY |
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TX threadworm
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ALBENDAZOLE
IVERMECTIN TREAT PTS PRIOR TO IMMUNSUPRESSION |
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PROGNOSIS HOOKWORMS
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POOR IN HYPERINFECTIONS
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pinworm=
whipworm= roundworm= hookworm= threadworm= |
Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm
Trichuris trichiura - whipworm Ascaris lumbricoides - roundworm Necator americanus - hookworm Strongyloides stercoralis - threadworm |
