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538 Cards in this Set

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Question
Answer
Class ___ fires are fires involving ordinary combustibles.
A
Definition of Combustion:
The self–sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along with the evolution of heat and light
________ load is the weight of all building materials and equipment that are permanently attached to the building.
Dead
Garments firefighters must wear to protect themselves while fighting fire, performing rescues, and delivering emergency medical services.
Personal Protective Equipment
Attempts by fire & emergency service personnel to coordinate and implement a search for a missing person and then effect a rescue.
Search & Rescue
A type of flexible tube used by firefighters to carry water under pressure from the source of supply to a point where it is discharged.
Fire hose
Rope used for rescue or as an emergency escape for firefighters.
lifeline
NFPA 1901 requires truck companies to carry ____ 16 ft roof , ____ 14 ft Combination, ____ 10 ft folding attic, & a ______ ft & ______ ft extension ladder.
2, 1, 1, 24, 35
The systematic removal of heated air, smoke, and fire gases form a burning building and replacing them with cooler air.
Ventilation
_______ is the opening of or the breaking through an enclosure that cannot be opened by conventional means.
Forcible entry
Methods and operating procedures associated with fire fighting by which firefighters attempt to save property and reduce further damage from water, smoke, heat, and exposure during or immediately after a fire by removing property from a fire area, by covering it, or other means.
Salvage
A means by which water is moved from a source to the point at which it is used.
Water distribution system
_________ elevator operation is when elevator responds to hall button activation, ________ is when it will no longer respond to hall calls, and ________ operation allows for control of elevators during an emergency.
Automatic, Independent, Emergency Service
Manual Initiating Devices are also known as _______.
pull stations
_______ properties are any structure in which there is a greater than normal potential for the loss of life or property from a fire. & should receive special attention during surveys.
Target hazard
During a _____ attack, the fire stream is directed at the base of the fire.
direct
Dispatchers are also called _______.
telecommunicators
_______ is the formation of a chemical bond between oxygen & another element.
oxidation
_______ loads include equipment, people, weather, water for fire suppression, & materials not attached to the structure.
Live
A rubber–covered, rubber–lined hose is also known as a _________.
booster line
The load rope is under when it fails.
Breaking Strength
NFPA 1901 requires engine companies to carry 1 of each ladder, ____ ft extension, ____ ft roof & ____ ft folding attic.
24, 14, 10
Tactical priorities of fire departments?
Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
Class ___ fires involve flammable or combustible liquids, greases, or gases.
B
4 methods of Fire Extinguishment:
Temperature Reduction, Fuel Removal, Oxygen Dilution, Chemical Flame Inhibition
One characteristic common to all types of trusses is that if one member fails then __________.
entire truss likely to fail
Levels above ______dba require the firefighter to wear protection.
90
The tasks required to protect occupants, remove those who are threatened and to provide treatment for the injured.
Rescue
For hydrocarbons ____% foam application rates are effective.
3%
4 types of figure 8 knots:
Figure eight, Figure eight on a bight, Figure eight on a bight follow–through, Figure eight bend
During a rescue conscious victims can be lowered ______ onto the ladder.
Feet first
Ventilation provides an _______ for gases, smoke, & heat.
escape path
A flat head axe or a sledge hammer are commonly carried along with a ______ to create a set of "irons"
haligan tool
Most common size of GFD salvage covers–
12’X18’
________supply examples are wells & water producing springs.
Ground water
Pipeline owners are required to place a sign if underground pipeline crosses _______.
mode of transportation
________ Smoke detectors project light from a light source to a sensor that does not receive light under normal conditions.
photoelectric light scattering
The use of _____ or other mapping programs can save hours & should be used where available.
Geographic Information System
A ______ attack uses a stream pattern directed into the ceiling and dropped back down to attack the fire near the floor.
combination
_______ is a system designed to assist telecommunicators by performing specific functions more quickly and efficiently & can shorten call processing time.
computer–aided dispatch
Foam solution concentration is only correct at the rated inlet pressure of _____ psi.
200
High Volume, high velocity, turbulent, ultra dense black smoke, in which no occupants can survive is known as _______.
black fire
_________ trusses is a roof assembly with a curved top chord.
Bowstring
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should not be more than ____ Ft above the liquid surface of the concentrate.
6
If carrying a tool while climbing a ladder, you should slide your hand ______.
under the beam
OSHA requires extinguishers to be inspected _______ and required to be inspected by an outside company ______.
monthly, yearly
Smoke _____ determines what is burning & the stage of fire.
Color
________ are wooden or metal plates used to connect structural materials that are butted together.
Gusset plates
When operating in–line eductors to produce foam, the pressure at the outlet must not exceed _____% of the inlet pressure.
70
______ smoke detectors contains small radioactive source inside a chamber.
Ionization
Four components of a water system:
Source of supply, Means of moving water, Processing or treatment facility, Distribution system
Ventilation can prevent hazardous changes in fire behavior such as ________ & ________.
flashover, backdraft
A _____ is the main structural member of a ladder.
beam
The resistance of a material to a force tending to tear it apart.
Tensile strength
A ______ prevents collapse in a wrapped hose.
helix wire
__________ represents how well the gear protects the skin against 2nd degree burns in a flashover.
Thermal Protective Performance
A _______ load is applied to a small area.
concentrated
_______ agents are those materials that yield oxygen or other gases during the course of a chemical reaction.
Oxidizing
Class ___ fires involve energized electrical equipment.
C
The principle that a person can report to only one supervisor.
Unity of command
When using fire extinguishers, PASS stands for:
Pull the pin, Aim the Nozzle at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep the fire
The ________ program is designed to prepare all personnel for any sudden life–threatening occurrence that may injure, trap, disorient, or distress any emergency response personnel during an emergency incident.
MAYDAY
An _______ may be attached to the pump panel or directly in the hoselay & is the least expensive foam production means.
in–line eductors
When tying off an uncharged hoseline, fold the nozzle end of the hose back ____ ft on itself, then tie a _____ around the nozzle & hose & a ______ around the doubled hose.
6, clove hitch, half–hitch
When climbing a ladder keep eyes ______.
forward
The _____ raise provided means by which victims trapped on different floors can be rescued by one ladder.
hotel/factory
A _______ consists essentially of 2 half–hitches.
clove hitch
To tie a pike pole for hoisting, you need ____ clove hitch(es) & ____ half–hitch(es).
1, 2
In–line eductors operate from a _______ principle.
venturi
Class A foams have low application rates, it is ______% water.
90–99.9
Turbulent smoke flow indicates the heat is feeding back into the fire and is a warning sign of _______.
flashover
One of the most serious building construction hazards facing firefighters today?
Lightweight & Truss construction
When connecting to a standpipe always make connections __________.
1 floor below the fire floor
FFF is available in alcohol resistant type known as?
Alcohol Type Concentrate
______ smoke flow is smooth & streamlined, & indicates the building is absorbing heat & pressure.
Laminar
An employee whose job responsibilities require that he be at work regardless of weather conditions to directly provide immediate essential service to the public or provide direct leadership or support those who do?
Service Critical
AFFF stands for:
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
A ______ knot is used to join 2 pieces of webbing together.
water
The ______ raise allows an extension ladder to be held in the extended, vertical position for access to areas where no walls or supports are present.
Church/Dome
A disadvantage of PPV is _______ may be accelerated & spread.
hidden fires
3 methods of off loading water tankers:
gravity dumping, jet dumping, pumping
Any FEO that enters the hazard zone, within _____ feet of the structure, shall don, at a minimum bunker pants with boots.
25
Large amounts of smoke indicates more _______.
fire load
The __________ is the area extending horizontally from the base of the wall to 1 ½ times the height of the wall.
collapse zone
Regular protein foam can be stored at temperature from ____ to _____ F.
20, 120
When accessing a roof from a ladder, the rungs should be at least _____ above the roof line.
5
______ fuels contain alcohol, such as acetone & keytone.
Polar solvent
A process whereby a supervisor or manager provides ongoing constructive feedback about an employee’s work performance and/or behavior?
Coaching
Gasoline & diesel fuel are examples of _________ fuels.
hydrocarbon
A ______ is good for forming a single loop that will not constrict the object it is placed around.
bowline
When performing a rescue from a window, place the tip of the ladder:
even or just below the sill
_______ is the mixture of foam concentrate & water that is discharged from the proportioner & passed through the hoseline.
Foam solution
When used after the fire with a smoke ejector, place the tip of the ladder on the wall _____ the window.
above
The ________ says that you should manage your air so you leave the IDLH prior to low air alarm sounding.
Rule of Air Management
4 Methods by which foam controls the hazards:
Smothering, Separation, Cooling, Penetrating
A series of command, control, executive, or management positions in hierarchical order of authority by which information should flow.
Chain of command
Class ___ fires involve combustible metals.
D
Master streams discharge ______ gpms or more.
350
The 4 components of the fire tetrahedron:
oxygen, fuel, heat, self–sustaining chemical reaction
A _______ load is applied equally over a broad area.
distributed
Hand streams discharge _____ to _____ gpms.
40, 349
The minimum TPP permissible by NFPA is _____.
35
Smoke _______ how much pressure is accumulating in the building.
velocity
Involves that removal & treatment of victims who are trapped by some type of man–made machinery or equipment
Extrication
1 ¾ hose holds _____ gallons & weighs approx _____.
6.25, 23
What are the means of moving water?
mechanical, gravity, combination
The max load suggested for safe use of a rope.
working strength
The effective reach of a fire stream is affected by 5 factors;
Gravity, Water velocity, Fire stream pattern, Water droplet friction with air, Wind
The base section of a ladder from which all other section are raised is called the ______.
bed section
In most cases, the safest way to vent a building with backdraft potential is _______.
vertically
Four key attributes of Smoke:
Smoke Volume, Smoke Velocity, Smoke Density, Smoke Color
A disadvantage of fog streams is when improperly used they can spread fire, create _______ & cause steam burns.
heat inversion
When properly tied, a _______ can withstand a steady pull in either direction.
clove hitch
When venting a window place the ladder along side the window to the _______ side with the tip slighty ____ the window.
windward, above
Withdraw immediately if rising sound from ____ or ______ of tank.
relief valve, discoloration
______ only notifies building occupants & no alarm is transmitted to the fire department.
Local alarm system
At what concentration % does carbon monoxide cause loss of judgment?
0.02%
A _______ stream is a patterned stream composed of water droplets.
fog
A _______ is not a secure knot by itself but used as a stabilizer.
half–hitch
________ determines strategic objectives and assigns available resources to the appropriate supervisor where they are needed.
Command
A _______ stream is a fire stream that has been broken into coarsely divided drops.
broken
______ are sometimes referred to as debris bags or debris buckets.
carryalls
EDITH stands for:
Exit Drills in the Home
The Nozzle Pressure for a solid stream handheld:
50 psi
Elevators will not be used for fires/alarms below the _____ floor.
sixth
______ liquids have flash point of less than 100
flammable
______ liquids have flash points higher than 100F.
combustible
_______ stream is less likely to disturb normal layering of heat & gases during interior attack therefore less like to result in steam burns to firefighters.
Solid
Appearance of smoke or gases coming off all contents, including carpet is a warning side of?
Flashover
The _______ says that heats tends to flow from a hot substance to a cold substance.
Law of Heat Flow
A _____ & _______ are used for rappelling or as a friction brake in lowering systems.
figure–eight descender, brake bar rack
______ are used to carry debris or catch falling debris.
carryalls
________ is a condition occurring when oxygen is admitted into an area filled with unburned carbon particles and other fire gases & react explosively.
Backdraft
The ________ is ameasure of heat absorbing capacity of a substance.
Law of Specific Heat
3 part of a rope:
working end, standing part, running end
In most cases, the ladder should be carried _____ forward.
butt
2 types of manual hydraulic tools:
rabbit tool, hydra ram tool
The potential for back draft can be reduced with proper ________.
vertical ventilation
The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor?
Latent heat of vaporization
A _____ is formed by simply bending the rope back on itself while keeping the sides parallel.
bight
The ________ Carry is particularly useful when great disparity exists in the height of the firefighters carrying the ladder.
three–firefighter flat
Carbon is a ______.
carcinogen
Heat stress occurs when the body’s core temperature reaches ______F.
105.8
A ______ is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C.
calorie
A _____ is made by crossing the side of a bight over the standing part.
loop
The _______ carry is used in situations that is too narrow for conventional ladder carries.
Overhead
Never extinguish fires at _____ unless the product flow can be stopped.
relief valve
______ is the primary hazard to fire.
Smoke
When water change into steam, it expands approx ______ times its volume & when 1 cubic ft of water is converted into steam, it expands to ______ cubic ft of space.
1,700 1,700
A ______ consists of further bending one side of a loop.
round turn
NFPA requirement for the butt placement of a ground ladder is _____ the used length of the ladder.
¼
_____ will recommend unit & prompt questions to verify address.
CAD
Solid fuels must undergo ________, which is the chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat.
pyrolysis
The ratio between the breaking & working strength.
safety factor
Company search rope is _____ ft sections.
200
2 ½ hose hold _____ gallons & weighs approx _____.
12.75, 37
The bottom most part of the ladder.
Butt
An acceptable performance objective for communications is _______.
less than 1 min
_______ is number of individuals or groups that one person can effectively supervise or manage, & the number should be between ______.
span of control, 3–7
_______ is a condition where flames move through or across the unburned gases during a fire’s progression.
Flameover/Rollover
A _______ is in motion when applied.
Impact
3 tests conducted on ladders:
Horizontal bending test, hardware test, roof hook test
Store rope in clean, dry compartments that have adequate ________.
ventilation
Class ___ fires involve cooking oils and fats.
K
_____ surface tension allows for faster flame spread across the surface.
lower
________ walls are unsupported, freestanding walls at the edge of some roofs.
Parapet
The ______ should be rapid, systematic but thorough search performed prior to or during fire suppression activities.
primary search
Forces of nature that influence a fire stream:
gravity, wind, friction with air
A _______ is a metal snap link used to connect elements of a rescue system together.
carabiner
Make sure that ladders are NOT raised within ____ ft of electrical wires.
10
_______ is the process of air or gases being drawn into a fire.
Entrainment
_______ is the maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials in a given area burn.
Fire load
__________ is the breathe–ability factor of turnout gear.
Thermal Heat Loss
A ________ is considered to be a stream of water from a fire hose after it leaves the nozzle & until it reaches the desired point of fire in the proper configuration.
fire stream
______ is the pressure of water leaving the nozzle, measured in feet per second.
Velocity
_______ rope is the best method for storing life safety rope.
Bagging
A ______ is the buoyant column of flame and hot combustion products rising above the fuel source.
fire plume
A ______ frame had wood studs ran from the foundation to the roof & floors were “hung” on the studs.
Balloon
When testing fire hose, new hose is tested ____ psi for ____ min in ____ ft lengths, used hose is tested at ____ psi for ____ min in ____ ft lengths.
600, 5, 100 300, 3, 300
The effective reach of ladders is ladder length times ______ when wanting to use it at an angle of 75.5 degrees.
0.9682
_______ ventilation involves opening doors & windows.
Natural
Wood frame constructions are Type _____ construction.
V
2 types of construction of webbing:
flat, tubular
Before climbing, make sure the _____ are seated over the rungs of an extension ladders & always use _____ or _____ when working from a ladder.
dogs, leg lock, ladder belt
Apply a coat of _____ to preserve wooden axe handles.
boiled linseed oil
Never exceed _____ mph when using chains.
30
BLEVE stands for:
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
The designated length shown on a ladder is the max ______ length, this is not the ladder’s _____.
extended, reach
Class I harness fastens around waist/thighs and has a load of up to _____ lbs, Class II harness is the same as Class I but rated for ____ lbs, the Class III harness fastens over the shoulders & loaded for ____ lbs.
300, 600, 600
Type IV construction is also called ________.
heavy timber
_______ is process of advancing the fire front in air, along, surfaces, or through porous solids.
Flame Spread
The ________ provides a visual monitor of the air supply in the cylinder and valve assembly.
Heads–up Display
_______ is the ability of a material to store energy.
Specific heat
Steel structural members elongate when heated, _____ every _____ at 1000F.
1 in, 10 ft
Four core values of the fire department as found in the GFD manual.
Honesty, Integrity, Stewardship, Respect
Ventilation holes for larger structures may be ____ x ____ or larger, using the “ _______” cutting method.
6, 6, 798
Determing GPM flow:
D squared times 29.83 times square root of nozzle pressure times
______ is equally effective with either horizontal or vertical ventilation because it merely supplements natural ventilation currents.
Positive–pressure ventilation
2 categories of halogenated agents:
Halons, halocarbons
_______ is heat transfer from a moving fluid to a solid surface.
Convection
Type ____ construction consists of reinforced concrete with structural members protected by blown–on insulation or concrete–encased steel.
I
______ is actively monitoring & managing air consumption.
Air aware
A ________ is resulting change in the direction of energy & its multiplication when the flow of water is suddenly change.
water hammer
The _________ chief manages and directs the tactical priorities of the Divisions, Groups, and single resources involved in incident stabilization.
Operations Section
During a water relay position tank so it can have _____ access points.
multiple
T F When using PPV, the exit opening should be twice the size as the entry opening.
False
_______ means keeping ladders in a state of usefulness or readiness.
Maintenance
You can wash _______ rope with cool tap water & mild soap.
synthetic fiber
When referring to ladders, _______ means to either restore or replace that which is damaged or worn out.
Repair
Street hydrants in Greensboro open in the ________ direction.
counter–clockwise
When painting ladders for identification, only paint ____ in of the tips or heels.
18
When using machines to wash rope, use only _____ machines without ________ & wash on the _______ setting.
front–loading, plastic windows, coldest
________ are mandatory at all green and red light intersections.
Air–horns
______ is the degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to high heat.
Spalling
________ are used to extinguish combustible metal fires only.
Dry powder
_______ is heat transferred by electromagnetic waves or infrared waves without an intervening medium.
radiation
Type ____ construction have fire–resistance rating on all parts of the structure including exterior and interior load–bearing walls & building materials.
II
_________ are directives from the Fire Chief that typically involve the creation or modification of existing policy.
General Orders
When the apparatus stops at a hydrant to drop off they hydrant catcher before proceeding to the fire is known as the ________ lay.
forward
During a water relay, the _____ pumper is at the fire location, the ______ pumper is at the fill site, & _____ move the water.
attack, fill, tankers
______–pressure ventilation uses a high–volume fan to create a slightly higher pressure inside a building than that outside.
Positive
Clean ladders after _____ or once a ______, using ______ & water to remove tar or oil.
each use, month, mild soap
Rope can be stored in _____ or _____.
coils, rope bags
________ is the body of the extinguisher.
Cylinder
5 stages of fire development:
Ignition, growth, flashover, fully developed, Decay
Type ____ construction requires exterior walls & structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials & interior structural members are completely made of wood.
III
The initial flow for a master stream device should be _______ gpms.
500
For a _______ lay the apparatus stops at the fire & the driver lays hose to hydrant.
reverse
When drying ropes, lay out in an area that is clean, dry & out of _______.
direct sunlight
NFPA requires ladders to be inspected after _____ & on a ______ basis.
each use, monthly
The location where PPV is set up is called the ______, the blower is placed about ___ to ___ ft outside.
entry point, 4, 10
Put ____ on the ground to protect portable tanks.
tarps
OSHA requires _________ inspection of respirators maintained for emergency use.
Monthly
_______ is a condition in which all combustibles in a room have been heated to the point in which they release vapors that will support combustion, causing all combustibles to ignite simultaneously.
Flashover
Hazard Classes: Class 1–________, Class 2–_________, Class 3___________, Class 4 ________, Class 5 _______, Class 6 _________, Class 7 _________, Class 8 _______, Class 9 ________
Explosives, Gases, Flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers, poisons, radioactive, corrosives, miscellaneous
A ______ is used to determine forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening.
pitot tube & gauge
_______–pressure ventilation uses the wind to supply fresh air to replace that which is being expelled from the building.
Negative
A ______ ladder have a large metal gooseneck projecting at the top.
pompier
In a kernmantle rope, _____% of the strength comes from the kern.
75
When using a hose clamp, place _____ behind pumper or _____ behind coupling on supply side.
20’, 5’
________ are deemed significant to departmental operations but has no impact to policy or procedure.
Information Bulletins
A ______ roof is characterized by a single ridge line from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at 2 different pitches.
gambrel
_______ is heat transter from one body to another by molecular energy transfer through an intervening heat conducting medium.
Conduction
Most common type of extinguisher that is a multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguisher for Class A, B, C fires.
Ammonium Phosphate
_________ are the only type of extinguishing agents qualified for Class K fires.
Wet chemical
_________ heating is heat released as an arc between oppositely charged surfaces.
Static electrical
A _________roof is pitched, the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls.
hip
The elevator should be stopped ________ floors below the fire floor.
3
When replacing a section of hose, always replace it with _______.
2 sections
Ropes must be inspected ________.
after each use
NFPA 1931 requires ______ attached to the butt of every folding ladders.
footpads
______ is the side of the building the wind is striking.
Windward
________ is the pressure found on a water distribution system during normal consumption demands.
Normal operating pressure
4 types of decontamination:
emergency, technical, mass, fine
Class ___ standpipe is designed for the use of FD only.
I
Converting fatty acids in cooking oils to a soap or foam is known as ________.
Saponification
Frictional Heating is a type of _______ heat energy.
mechanical
A ______ roof has steeply sloped facets surrounding a nearly flat center section.
Mansard
_________ are for the purpose of informing or educating the department on a particular topic.
Training Bulletins
One man method for breaking tight couplings:
knee press
General–use life safety rope must have a breaking strength of ______lbs & max working load limit of _____lbs.
9,000 600
_______ ladders consists of a base/bed section & 1 or more fly sections & generally range in length from ____ to _____ ft.
Extension, 12, 39
______ is the opposite of windward.
Leeward
________ is the part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while water runs through pipes, fittings, hose, & adapters.
residual pressure
_____ will halt or inhibit flow or exchange of oxygen at a cellular level.
blood agents
Class ___ standpipe is designed for occupant use.
II
An advantage of ______ ventilation is that it supplements & enhances natural ventilation.
forced
_______ ladders are designed so they may be used as a self–supporting stepladder and as a single/extension ladder.
Combination
A ______ is used to tether rescuers during water rescues.
Throwline
Two man method for breaking tight couplings:
stiff arm
The maximum of ____ firefighters are allowed per elevator car.
6
The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall.
eave
________ agents are commonly called clean agents because they leave no residue & is suited for computer & electronic applications.
Halogenated
Heat tends to flow from a hot substance to a cooler one is known as the _________.
Law of Heat Flow
NOEAL stands for:
No Observed Adverse Effects Level
Heat of _______ is heat produced by the forced reduction of a gaseous volume.
compression
A ______ roof slopes in 1 direction from the ridge line.
shed
It will be the responsibility of _________ to develop an organizational structure utilizing GOG’s as soon as possible after arrival.
Command
A _______ is a short fold placed in the hose to change the location of a coupling or change direction of the hose.
Dutchman
_______ is not considered life safety rope but is constructed in the same manner, it is intended to be used one time only then destroyed.
Escape rope.
Combination ladders must be equipped with _______ devices.
positive locking
2 types of radiation events:
Nuclear detonation, Radiological dispersion devices
______ is that which is forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing.
flow
_______–pressure ventilation uses fans to develop artificial circulation, fans placed in windows, doors, or roof vent openings for exhausting.
Negative
______ is stored potential energy that is available to force water through pipe fittings, firehose, & adapters.
Static
____ is the lead agency during a terrorism incident.
FBI
Class ___ standpipe is designed for occupant & FD use.
III
CISM stands for _________ & should occur within the first _____ hours.
critical incident stess management, 72
Class ___ picture is a trash can beside a wood fire.
A
Heat of _______ is heat release during a substance’s complete oxidation.
combustion
A _____ is a horizontal structural member used to support floors or roof decking.
joist
Elevators used by fire personnel should be marked on the _______ with chalk.
outside wall
This device brings 2 or more lines into 1 hose line or device.
Siamese connections
_______ is the strongest for weight & size of materials that make up synthetic fiber.
Nylon
______ poles are attached to the bed section & assist in raising Bangor ladders.
Tormentor
4 Warning Signs of Roof Collapse:
melting asphalt, spongy roof, smoke coming from roof, fire coming from roof
Hydrants located closest to the fire area should be regarded as “ _____” hydrants.
key
A dry barrel hydrant should be completely opened to prevent _______.
ground erosion
Four primary routes of exposure:
respiratory, absorption, ingestion, injection
3 sprinkler positions:
upright, pendant, sidewall
Schools & vacant buildings are common targets of _____ fire setters.
vandalism
When the primary search has been completed & all savable occupants are out of the hazard zone, what is the verbal benchmark of completion.
“All Clear”
Class ___ picture is a gasoline can.
B
Heat of _______ is heat released by the mixture of matter in a liquid
solution
A _______ is a bearing wall common to two structures.
party wall
______ SCBA uses compressed air in a cylinder that needs to be refilled, exhaled air is vented.
Open–circuit
A __________ allows the use of National Standard Threads on any other non standard threaded device.
Universal Thread Adapter
In industry, hazmat ____ is commonplace and is usually a preventive action.
monitoring
If the heads–up display is flashing one light slowly this would indicate?
½ cylinder air left
A _____ is a swivel device by which a tormentor pole is attached to Bangor poles.
tormentor toggle
To remove a skylight for ventilation, you should:
dismantling part of the frame
A ______ lock is designed to fit into a cavity in the door.
Mortise
Hydrant 4 ½ outlet should face the _____, perpendicular to the ground with ____ in to allow for hydrant wrench operation.
street, 15
______ sprinkler systems are the most common.
Wet–pipe
____ fire setters usually set multiple fires & leave no evidence of forced entry.
profit
A _____ is given if the companies working in the hazard zone are safe & accounted for.
PAR
3 types of occupancy classifications:
Light
_______ heating occurs when heat generated by passing an electrical force through a conductor such as a wire or appliance.
Resistance
A ________ is a rated assembly that extends from the foundation through the roof of a building to limit flame spread.
Fire wall
______ SCBA uses compressed oxygen & exhaled air stays within the system & is reused.
Closed–circuit
______ provide support for intake/discharge devices at the pumping apparatus.
Elbow
Resources staging in their direction of travel, uncommitted, approximately one block from the scene providing maximum of possible tactical options will constitute _______ staging.
Level 1
All GFD apparatus are equipped with _________ ground ladders.
aluminum alloy
T F It is better to make one large ventilation hole rather than several small ones.
true
A ______ lock involves boring 2 holes at right angles to one another.
bored
Proper _______ should be provided for dry barrel hydrants.
drainage
SCBA types:
60–min, Supplied air respirators, air–purifying respirators
Wet–pipe sprinkler systems usually equipped with a ____ that catches excess water.
retard chamber
________ fire setters are spur of the moment.
excitement
The ______ is the central, most important part of something.
kern
Hose _____ protect the threads on pump male discharge outlets, hose _____ protect the female inlet.
caps, plugs
The quint FEO shall serve as the _________ in the event that the apparatus is not needed.
Ventilation Technician
A _______ is a single vertical thickness of masonry designed to improve the exterior appearance of the building.
Veneer wall
________ heating results from the action of electrical force on no conducting material
Dielectric
_______ is 2” x 4”, and aids in accounting for personnel within the hazard zone.
passport
The extinguishing theory of water is?
Temperature reduction
5 aspects of calling a MAYDAY:
Location, Unit, Name, Assignment, Resources
Extinguishers should have a maximum travel distance of ____ ft.
75
Heat from ______ occurs when a electrical current is interrupted.
Arcing
A ______ roof is characterized by square–cut ends and sides that slope down for the ridge line to the eaves.
gable
The first due company will pick up the elevator/stairway keys from the _________.
Fire Control Room
A _______ is used to seal small cuts or tears which may occur, or to connect mismatched/damaged couplings of the same size.
hose jacket or leak–stop
The ______ is anything that cloaks, envelops, covers, or conceals.
mantle
Residential sprinkler systems may have ____ piping.
plastic
A ______ ladder consist of only one section of fixed length.
Wall/Straight
_____ ventilation is also called strip ventilation.
Trench
A ______ lock is one of the most common & used as an add–on lock.
rim
A red bonnet on a fire hydrant means?
Flow less than 500 gpm
A level ____ ensemble is fully encapsulated, a level _____ in encapsulated & coverall, level ___ incorporates air–purifying respirators, & level ___ are regular working clothing.
A, B, C, D
In _____ sprinkler systems, all heads are open at all times.
deluged
_______ is the physical removal of contaminants.
Decontamination
A red operating nut on a fire hydrant means?
muddy water
A ______ is used to remove lock cylinders.
K–tool
_____ ventilation is used to stop the spread of fire in a long, narrow structure, but the opening must be created ahead of the advancing fire.
Trench
_____ ladders are used on sloped roofs & enables firefighters to work with more secure footing, lengths range from _____ft to ____ ft.
Roof, 12, 24
Industrial piping sizes:
8 in, 12 in or larger
________ is responsible for directing the tactical operations to meet the strategic goals and tactical objectives listed in the IAP.
Operations Section Chief
Class ___ is a Yellow star.
D
The temperature at which a liquid will produce vapors sufficient to support continuous combustion once ignited.
Fire point
_____ load is applied offset to an element, causing a twisting stress to the material.
Torsion
________ is slightly yellow, has a pungent odor & comes from burning plastics/PVC.
Hydrogen Chloride
________ is a team of specially trained firefighters who are solely designated to provide for the safety, search & rescue of trapped or lost firefighters at an emergency incident.
rapid intervention team
_______ couplings have no distinct male/female components, typically found on LDH.
Storz
When considering placement of apparatus, avoid the ________, which is one and a half times the height of the involved building.
collapse zone
A ladder label that changes color to indicate exposure to significant heat.
heat sensor label
When stepping onto a roof ensure that the roof is safe by _______.
sounding
Residential ______ doors will generally travel in only one direction.
sliding
In gravity systems the primary source must be at least ______ above highest point in system to be effective.
100 ft
Usually, the vertex of the v–shaped pattern points close to or directly at the ______.
area of origin
_______ are piping that directly supplies branch lines.
cross mains
______ includes protecting the scene after the fire and preserving evidence of the fire’s origin.
Overhaul
Approach hazmat incidents from the ______ direction.
uphill/upwind
________ systems are connected directly to a monitoring site that is owned & operated by the building owner.
Proprietary
1st arriving firefighters can observe unusual conditions that may indicate an _______ fire.
incendiary
Attack vehicle fires from the _____ side.
uphill/upwind
3 types of radios:
Portable, Mobile, Base station
Advantages of synthetic rope over natural fiber is that fibers making up the rope are _____, more resistant to _______ & ______, do not age as quick, & have a greater _______ load absorption.
continuous, rotting, mildew, shock
______ beam is supported only at one end.
Cantilever
Class ___ is a Green Triangle.
A
______ spans an opening in a load–bearing masonry wall.
Lintel
A ________ enables one to divide a hose line into 2 or more hose line.
wye connections
A _____ is a geographic designation assigning responsibility for all operations within a defined area.
Division
Class ___ is a Red square.
B
_________ is the density of gas in relation to air.
Vapor Density
A _____ has a functional designation.
group
_________ is the minimum temperature to which a fuel in air must be heated in order to start self–sustained combustion without a separate ignition source
Ignition Temperature
______ supports other beams.
Girders
________ is colorless but has a musty hay odor, & is produced when refrigerants contact flames.
Phosgene
________ is a greenish–yellow gas that smells like strong bleach.
Chlorine
Level ____ staging will be automatic on high rise incidents.
2
________ gaskets are used to prevent leaking where the hose is joining to the coupling.
Expansion Ring
A disadvantage of synthetic fiber rope is prolong exposure to ________ can damage it.
ultraviolet light
The top of the ladder?
tip
Exercise caution when working around ______ wires & ____ wires.
electric, guy
_________ is a standardized format for recording fire data directly from company officers.
National Fire Incident Reporting System
Fire attack is typically initiated from the _______.
floor below the fire floor
_____ fire setters are the youngest ranging from 3–7 yrs old.
Curiosity
The _______ incorporates a small bulb filled with liquid and an air bubble to hold the orifice shut.
frangible bulb
On a ship, shipping papers are called _______.
dangerous cargo manifest
_______ are the network of pipes forming loops that interlock the primary feeders.
secondary feeders
When forcing a _____ overhead door, removing the panel & turning the latch takes less time.
sectional
When venting, ensure that main ______ are not cut while creating a ventilation opening.
structural supports
Wooden or metal pieces that prevent the fly section from being extended too far.
stops
Any change in the mode of operation will require Command to conduct a ________.
Personnel Accountability Report/PAR
________ are smaller pipes, which connect to branch piping that serve consumer blocks and individual fire hydrants.
distributors
In air, shipping papers are called ______.
air bills
______ sprinklers heads have the orifice always open.
deluge
______ fire setters account for 50% of fire problem.
revenge
Basement fires are extremely difficult because of the ______ effect.
chimney
Apparatus at the incident fall into three categories:
Staged, Functionally working, Not functionally working
All couplings & connections in the GFD have _________ threads.
National Standard
________ is pale blue with a bitter almond smell, & can be absorbed through the skin.
Hydrogen Cyanide
_______ are horizontal structural components subjected to vertical loads.
beams
GFD operation modes?
Investigation, Offensive, Defensive, Marginal
Class ___ picture is a fire in a frying pan.
K
______ is the main cause of fire related deaths.
Smoke
OSHA came from the _______ Occupational Safety & Health Act in _____.
Williams–Steiger, 1970
Class ___ picture is an electrical plug and socket.
C
A _________ is the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound of water from 39F to 40F.
British thermal unit
________ beam is supported at 2 points near its end, _______ beam is supported in 3 or more places.
simple, continuous
________ is reddish–brown color & comes from silos or grain bins.
Nitrogen Dioxide
It takes an average of ____ firefighters to rescue 1 downed firefighter.
12
The _______ gasket is removable & found in the female coupling.
Swivel
________ mode is an interior attack and related support directed toward quickly bringing the fire under contol.
Offensive
3 main factors of wildland fires:
fuel, weather, topography
______ has the greatest effect on fire spread.
wind
_______ are pipes which the sprinklers heads are placed.
Branch lines
Shipping papers are also called ______.
Bill of lading
The _____ regulates design, installation & operation of radio systems.
Federal Communication Commission
A _______ hydrant is typically used in warm climates, while the _____ hydrant is for cold climates.
Wet, dry
The most common sliding door that a firefighter will face is a ________ with glass panels.
residential patio door
When ventilation, work with the wind at _____ or _____ to provide protection while cutting the roof opening.
back, side
Retractable curved metal devices installed near the top end of a roof ladder.
Hooks
The first priority in defensive operations is to _________.
Protect exposures
2 lengthwise members of a trussed ladder beam, upper & lower surfaces of the beams.
rails
When crews on ventilating on the roof, you should provide a ________ for an emergency .
secondary means of escape
4 types of overhead doors:
sectional, tilt–slab, roll–up, telescoping
_______ are large pipes that carry water to various points for distribution to smaller mains.
primary feeders
On rail, shipping papers are called ______.
consist/waybill
5 Parts of a sprinkler head:
frame, orifice, cap, deflector, operating mechanism
Juveniles account for more than ____ of all the fires set in U.S.
3–Jan
The _____ is the area the fire has consumed.
black
A B C’s of communication:
accuracy, brevity, clarity
GFD will only use elevators with ________ and _______ service to make access to fire area.
Emergency Service Phase I, Phase II
_______ is necessary in the fire service to prevent duplication of effort & to make specific and clear–cut assignments.
Division of labor
Water reacts explosively & violently with Class ___ fires.
D
Liquid fuels must undergo _______, which is the conversion of a liquid into the gaseous state through the action of heat.
vaporization
A _______ are loads that an engineer has planned for or anticipated in structural design.
Design load
The _______ in a built in harness & hand loop for rescue.
Rescue Drag Device
Order of search when in a multistory building on fire (3)?
1st–fire floor 2nd–Floor above the fire floor 3rd top most floor
4” hose holds _____ gallons & weighs approx _____.
65.28, 76
A load resulting from rapid change of movement.
Impact/shock load
The pointed shoes or metal safety plates that are attached to the base of a ladder.
butt spurs
_______ ventilation involves the use of fans.
Mechanical
Do not ____ fiberglass axe handles & keep surface ____ when not in use to prevent rusting.
paint, oiled
Thoroughly check around windows & doors for hidden fires, especially in the _____ or _______.
frames, casings
In direct pumping systems, water is pumped from the source to a ________ and then into a ________.
treatment facility, distribution system
Two types of Above ground storage tanks:
upright & horizontal
Sprinkler systems completely extinguish or hold in check _____% of fire until FD arrives, & _____% of that were controlled with one head.
96, 35
_________ mode is an exterior attack and related support directed to first reduce fire extension.
Defensive
Natural gas is _____ than air.
lighter
The firefighter seated behind the FEO on a ladder shall be responsible for the duties of the __________.
roof technician
A ______ provides definite guidelines for actions within an organization.
policy
______ are specific to the Class D fires and require expert knowledge to determine which is best.
Dry powders
_________ is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of a liquid compared with the weight of an equal volume of water.
Specific gravity
An ______ load was not planned for or anticipated.
undesigned
NFPA 1581 requires gear to be cleaned every _______.
6 months
When secondary search has been completed notify command that “________.”
Secondary Search Complete
Couplings are made with _____ to aid in tightening, loosening, & grasping the hose.
lugs
_______ rope must be block creel construction using continuous filament virgin fiber for load bearing elements.
Life safety
Mechanisms in an extension ladder that ride up along with a fly section & hold it in place after it has been extended.
dogs
_______ & ______ travel upward through a building until they reach the top of the building or they are cooled to the temp of the surrounding air.
hot smoke, fire gases
________ doors are made of solid wood members inset with panels.
Wooden swinging
4 ways of detecting hidden fires:
sight, touch, sound, technology
The _______ system is the most common type and the system that Greensboro uses.
combination
_______ determines if vapors will rise or fall.
vapor density
______ is a connection on the outside of a building that enables firefighters to supply water to the system using the fire truck.
Fire department connection
Improperly done _____ operations can be detrimental to the fire cause investigation.
overhaul
LPG stands for:
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
________ means the forward progress of the fire has been stopped and the remaining fire can be extinguished with the on scene resources.
Under Control
A ______ is a detailed plan of action that describes in writing the step to be followed in carrying out organizational policy for some specific, recurring, problem or situation.
procedure
________ develops the standards, classifications, and rating system used for extinguishers.
Underwriters Laboratories
_________ is the ease with which liquids give off vapors.
Volatility
A _____ load is the amount of heat generated when the building & its contents burn.
Fire
Oxygen deficiency atmosphere is one containing less than _____ oxygen.
19.50%
4 aspects of prioritizing the search area?
1st–most severely threatened 2nd– the largest numbers 3rd–remainder of the fire area 4th–the exposed area
4 types of lugs:
Pin, recessed, extended, rocker
Any life–safety rope that fails to pass inspection or has been impact loaded should be _______.
destroyed
The section of a ladder that extends or retracts.
fly section
Ventilation must be accomplished horizontally with the use of ________ devices.
mechanical ventilation
A ____ door is among the most common door & is either solid or has a hollow core.
slab
A ______ is a network of waterlines that makeup a distribution system.
grid
_______ determines if material sinks or floats in water.
specific gravity
______ has a stem that moves in & out, if the stem is out, the valve is _____.
Outside Stem & yoke, open
TDD stands for ________, TTY stands for _________.
telecommunication device for the deaf, teletype
5 basic ladder company functions:
search & rescue, ventilation, forcible entry, utility control, ladder structure/elevated streams
Protect evidence by keeping in _______ & ______.
untouched, undisturbed
______ has an indicator that reads “open” or “shut”
Post indicator valve
_______ chemicals mix with water & are difficult to extinguish.
water soluble
Arranging pipes in grids allows hydrants to be supplied from at least _____ directions.
2
______ doors, also known as batten doors, may be found on barns & sheds.
Ledge
4 types of existing openings effecting ventilation:
skylights, ventilator shafts, monitors, hatches
Swivel plates attached to the butt of a ladder.
footpads
______ rope is only used when there is no need to support rescuers or victims in any way.
Utility
A ______ is a special type of thread design in which the beginning of the thread is “cut” to provide a positive connection between the 1st threads of opposing couplings, which tends to eliminate cross–threading.
higbee–cut
A “/” marked on the door indicates search ________.
in progress
4 Respiratory Hazards of fires & other emergencies:
Oxygen deficiency, smoke, super heated air, toxic gases
_____ load is transmitted through the center of an element & runs perpendicular to the element.
Axial
_________ is the pressure exerted by the escaping vapor against the sides of its container.
Vapor Pressure
When rating an extinguisher, each 1–A is equal to ______, 1–B is equal to ______.
1.25 gallons of water, 1 square foot of surface area
_______ is a set of organizational procedures that establish a standard course of action.
General Operating Guidelines
The right of entry is based off the case of ________.
Michigan vs. Tyler
LPG is about ____ times heavier than air with a vapor density of ____.
1.5, 1.5
Some areas use ____ for non–emergency calls.
3/1/2001
The person ultimately responsible for all incident activities.
Incident commander
Class ___ is a blue circle
C
_________ is the minimum temperature to which a liquid fuel in air must be heated in order to produce vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface.
Flash point
_____ load is applied perpendicular to an element & does not pass through the center.
Eccentric
More fire deaths from _____ poisoning than from any other toxic product.
CO
A “X” on a door indicates search “_______.”
complete
A ________ is a notch or a groove cut into only one of the rocker lugs on both the male & female parts of a coupling.
higbee cut indicator
______ rope was the primary type of rope used for rescue until the last half of the 20th century.
Natural Fiber
A rope used for hoisting & lowering the fly sections of an extension ladder.
halyard
Opening the roof or existing roof openings for the purpose of allowing heated gases & smoke to escape to the atmosphere is ______ ventilation.
vertical
_______ doors are difficult to force due to materials used in their construction.
Metal swinging
In residential pipe size requirements:
8 in or 6 in
The _____ section of the ERG provides potential hazards, public safety, & emergency response.
orange
A _____ is vertical piping from the floor to the roof area.
riser
______ is the specific location where the heat source comes in contact with the fuel.
point of origin
Fires in _______ are among the most common.
single passenger vehicles
Direct line telephones are also called _____.
ring down
T F A report of “Under Control” meand the fire is completely out.
False
The RIC/UAC manifold is fitted with a ________ to vent air if the rated pressure of the respirator is exceeded.
relief valve
A defensive/offensive mode may be used as a “ ________” to keep the fire within reasonable bounds while awaiting the availability of additional resources.
Holding action