633 - 1 Gluacoma Risk Factors, Signs And Visual Field Interpretation

Front 1

glaucoma is the 1st, 2nd or 3rd leading cause of blindness in the united states?

Back 1

3rd

Front 2

70% of glaucoma pts are closed or open angle?

Back 2

POAG

Front 3

what are the two biggest non ocular risk factors for glaucoma

Back 3

old age and race.

Front 4

what race has the highest risk factor for glaucoma

Back 4

African Americans

Front 5

is glaucoma caused by environmental factors, genetics, or a combo of both.

Back 5

combo of both

Front 6

when you are looking at the pupil through the slit lamp and you see the iris oscillating, what kind of a rate would be suspect of glaucoma.

Back 6

<2/sec would be suspect of glaucoma, 2/sec is normal

Front 7

what type of glaucoma could have a "steamy" cornea and perilimbal injection?

Back 7

angle closure

Front 8

what is glaukomaflekin

Back 8

when the pressure is so extreme in the eye that a cataract forms

Front 9

what is the normal range for IOP's

Back 9

10 to 21 with the average being 16

Front 10

often a pts highest IOP is in the morning or night?

Back 10

morning, also pts with glaucoma will have a larger diurinal range

Front 11

steeper cornea's cause false high or low IOP readings. (what about flat)

Back 11

steeper corneas cause higher readings
flatter cause lower

Front 12

the ocular hypertension treatment trial showed that a corneal thickness of what is a risk factor for glaucoma

Back 12

<555

Front 13

how should you treat a peripheral anterior synechiae

Back 13

they are very hard to treat and should be referred to a glaucoma specialist

Front 14

angle rubeosis is the same as what

Back 14

neovascular (glaucoma)

Front 15

secondary glaucomas are generally diagnosed via what procedure

Back 15

gonioscopy

Front 16

due to the monocular view of a direct ophthalmoscope your estimate of the c/d ratio will be over or under estimated?

Back 16

underestimated

Front 17

the only disc change that is completely diagnostic of glaucomatous damage is

Back 17

progressive thinning of the neural rim.

this is in bold know this

Front 18

if you see a pt that has glaucoma type of damage but has "normal" IOP what how could you try to test for their max IOP

Back 18

test them in the morning

Front 19

what two races on average have larger than average (1.5mm) disc diameters

Back 19

African Americans and latino's

Front 20

what is the portion of the disc that is not occupied by nerve fibers called

Back 20

the cup

Front 21

greater than what number of blood vessels across the disc suggests a large disc

Back 21

12 and less than 10 is considered small

Front 22

as the c/d ratio approaches what? the risk of glaucoma increases

Back 22

.6

Front 23

as tissue in the disc is lost deeper in the cup and vessels have the ability to bend out of site, this is called what? one term for the cup and one for the vessel

Back 23

bean pot for the cup and bayonetting for the vessel

Front 24

what is the final edge to experience thinning on a disc of a patient with glaucoma

Back 24

nasal

Front 25

what layer of the retina is seen as a fine glistening striations

Back 25

nerve fiber layer

Front 26

what is a more risky retina .4/.5 or .5/.4 when considering glaucoma

Back 26

.4/.5 is more risky the inferior notching is what you are looking for in glaucoma

Front 27

inferior _______ wedge defects are the most obvious NFL defect

Back 27

inferior temporal NFL wedge defects

Front 28

diffuse NFL thinning is more common in ________ glaucoma and corresponds to diffuse visual field loss

Back 28

high tension glaucoma

Front 29

is it normal to see pulsation on the vein or the artery? what if you see it on the other

Back 29

normal to see it on the vein, if you see it on the artery then it means that the pt has high pressures

Front 30

what type of glaucoma is a splinter hemorrhage characteristic of?

Back 30

normotensive glaucoma, usually indicates uncontrolled glaucoma

Front 31

how often should you take a fundus photo of a glaucoma pt

Back 31

whenever you see changes to the ON or the NFL, or every 2 years

Front 32

what is the only subjective test for glaucoma

Back 32

visual field

Front 33

a 30-2 has 60 points or tests 60 degrees?

Back 33

60 degrees

Front 34

what are usually the first field defects seen in a glaucoma pt

Back 34

depressed sensitivity (relative central scotomas) b/t 5 and 20 degrees

Front 35

depressed (relative scotoma) areas deepen circumferentially along the distribution of arcuate nerve fibers (seidel scotoma) until they coalesce to form an arcuate shaped defect that joins with the blind spot. this is known as what?

Back 35

Bjerrum or arcuate scotoma

Front 36

when there is more visual field loss above the horizontal meridian than below or visa versa what is it called

Back 36

nasal step

Front 37

in what direction do the arcuate scotomas grow

Back 37

both centrally and peripherally. they continue to grow, eventually there will only be a small central hole and a sliver of peripheral vision left.

Front 38

true or false overall generalized depressions of sensitivity may be a sign of glaucoma

Back 38

true

Front 39

on a visual field what is the most reliable plot, pattern deviation plot, total deviation plot, or the numerical format

Back 39

the pattern deviation

Front 40

what number on a visual field tells you how relative a persons numbers are compared to the population

Back 40

mean deviation

Front 41

true or false the pattern deviation on a visual field takes into count a persons sex and age

Back 41

false it only takes into account the age and the probability of a defect being in the age population

Front 42

what field hemisphere is there most likely to be loss

Back 42

superior, remember that inferior notching is likely to be seen.

Front 43

the humphrey blue on yellow perimetry tests what kind of receptors? (cone)

Back 43

blue - testing for short wave length losses

Front 44

what will show glaucoma deficits first a blue on yellow perimetry or a white on white perimetry? and by how long

Back 44

blue and yellow will show up first, 3 to 4 years before white on white

Front 45

do the blue on yellow perimetry tests take into account media opacities

Back 45

as of right now no they do not

Front 46

what type of perimetry uses real time estimates of threshold values and threshold error measurements to speed up the perimetry exam

Back 46

SITA - standard, fast, and swap.

Front 47

the humphrey/zeiss matrix perimetry test is similar to what other perimetry test? what type of screening is it, 24-2, 30-2, ff120?

Back 47

the FDT, 30-2

Front 48

what type of scan uses a polarized light to measure the thickness of the NFL

Back 48

GDx nerve fiber layer analyzer

Front 49

what type of scan can image the layers of the retina?

Back 49

optical coherence tomography

Front 50

with average ocular blood flow who generally has a higher rate of flow males or females?

Back 50

females

Front 51

you have a young that pt that is a boxer with high pressures but the angles are wide open angles what is a possible cause

Back 51

traumatic glaucoma, comes on slowly and is caused by scarring in the TM that is not visible. Dr Y also mentioned that there could be an increased production in aqeous b/c of the scarring and increase in size of the CB