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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
______ is resolving allegations of fraud.
Fraud Examination
What does fraud examination involve?
"-Obtaining Evidence
What is the goal of fraud examination?
To determine whether fraud occurred and if so, who is responsible
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to TIMING?
"Fraud Examination--When sufficient reason
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to SCOPE
"Fraud Examination--Specific
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to OBJECTIVE
"Fraud Examination--point blame
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to RELATIONSHIP
"Fraud Examination--adversarial
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to METHODOLOGY
"Fraud Examination--examine documents, outside data, interviews
What are the major differences between fraud examination and auditing in regard to PRESUMPTION
"Fraud Examination--final proof
What are the 4 steps in the Fraud Theory Approach?
"1. Ananlyze available data
_________ is an employee using his/her occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse of the organization's resources or assets
occupational fraud
_______ is any crime for gain using deception as its main method
fraud
What four elements must be present in a crime for fraud to exist?
"1. Material false statement
_____ - petty crimes committed against orgnizations
abuse
What is the difference between fraud and abuse?
"Fraud involves intentional deceit
What is Edwin Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association say?
Crime is a learned behavior; it is not genetically based
What was Donald Cressey's final hypothesis?
(Fraud Triangle) Trusted personnel become trust violators when they conceive of themselves as having a financial problem which is non-shareable, are aware this problem can be secretly resolved by violation of the position of financial trust, and are able to apply their own conduct which enables them to adjust their conceptions of themselves as trusted persons with their conceptions of themselves as users of entrusted funds or property
What are the three legs of the fraud triangle?
"1. Preceived non-sharable financial need
_____ are financial difficulties that would be hard for a potential occupational offender to disclose to outsiders, such as excessive debt, gambling, drug use, etc.
Non-sharable financial problems
Non-shareable financial problems can be subdivided into what 6 categories?
"1. Violation of ascribed obligations
Embezzlers in Cressey's study rationalized their crimes by viewing them in what 3 ways?
"1. As essentially noncriminal
What 3 groups where rationalizers broken up into?
"1. Independent businessmen
What was the goal of Albrecht's "Fraud Scale"?
To assemble a list of 'red flags' that could indicate fraud and abuse in order to prevent fraud
What are the 3 components of Albrecht's "Fraud Scale"?
"-Situational pressures
What was the main reason the Hollinger-Clark Study identified as why employees steal?
The study found that employees steal mainly because of workplace conditions and that employee deviance is mainly caused by job dissatisfaction
The 2006 National Fraud Survey estimated taht workplace fraud cost organizations ______ per year
$670 billion
According to the 2006 Nation Fraud Survey, what are the 3 most effective mechanisms for reducing the cost/duration of frauds?
"1. Surprise Audits
What 3 classes of occupational fraud are defined by the "Fraud Tree"?
"1. Asset misappropriations
What were the 3 major findings of the 2006 National Fraud Survey?
"1. Lower-level employees and managers committed the most frauds (but fraud committed by owners and execs was most costly)