6:1 Vital Signs

Front 1

Apnea

Back 1

Apnea is the absence of breathing.

Front 2

Arrhythmia (dysrhythmia)-

Back 2

A pulse with an irregular rhythm.

Front 3

Blood Pressure

Back 3

The force of blood against aterial walls.Highest pressure is systolic pressure. The lowest is diastolic pressure
Normal adult BP is 120/80
Most6 important is systolic and cannot get diastolic by palpation

Front 4

Bradypnea

Back 4

Abnormally slow respirations.
Lower than 10

Front 5

Bradycardia

Back 5

A heart rate in an adult of 60 BPM or less.

Front 6

Cardiac Output

Back 6

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals the result of the stroke volume(SV) times the heart rate(HR) per minute. (p. 496)

Front 7

Core Temperature-

Back 7

Core temperature is maintained a fairly consistant range via the thermoregulatory center via the hypothalamus.
Temp is Q4 in hospitals. ( with exceptions)
97.0- 99.5 F
36.0-37.5 C

Front 8

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Back 8

Marked rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea; common causes include congestive heart failure, increased intracranial pressure and drug overdose. (p. 1297)

Front 9

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Back 9

Diaphragmatic breathing involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, and is observed by the movement of the abdomen.

Front 10

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Back 10

Blood pressure when the ventricles are at rest. It is the lower blood pressure.

Front 11

Dyspnea

Back 11

Difficult or uncomfortable breathing.

Front 12

Eupnea-

Back 12

Breathing that is normal in rate and depth.

Front 13

Exhalation

Back 13

Breathing out or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere.

Front 14

Pyrexia

Back 14

A body temperature above the normal range.

Front 15

Hypertension

Back 15

A blood pressure that is consistently above normal.

Front 16

Hyperthermia

Back 16

A body temperature above the normal range. Also called a fever or pyrexia.

Front 17

Hyperventilation

Back 17

Refers to very deep rapid respirations.

Front 18

Hypotension

Back 18

A blood pressure that is below normal.

Front 19

Hypothermia

Back 19

A core body temperature below the lower limit of normal.

Front 20

Hypoventilation

Back 20

Very shallow respirations.

Front 21

Inhalation

Back 21

Refers to the intake of air into the lungs.

Front 22

Intermittent Fever-

Back 22

The body temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures.
(comes and goes)

Front 23

Pulse Pressure

Back 23

The difference between the diastolic and systolic pressures.

Front 24

Systolic Blood Pressure

Back 24

The pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles.

Front 25

Tachycardia

Back 25

An excessively fast heart rate (over 100 BPM in an adult).

Front 26

Tachypnea

Back 26

Abnormally fast respirations.

Front 27

Ventilation

Back 27

Movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Front 28

Vital Signs-

Back 28

Pulse, Temp, Blood Pressure, Respirations
(5th vital sign -pain)

Front 29

Identify four ways the body loses heat.

Back 29

Radiation: the transfer of heat from surface of one object to the surface of another w/o contact between the two.
2. Conduction is the transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature.
3. Convection is the dispersion of heat by air currents.
4. Vaporization is the continuous evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract and from the mucosa of the mouth and from the skin.

Front 30

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature.

Back 30

Hypothalamic integrator, the center that controls the core temperature, is located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.When sensors in the hypothalamus detect heat, they send out signals intended to reduce the temperature, and vice versa

Front 31

Describe the factors affecting body temperature.

Back 31

Circadian rhythms
Age
Gender
Stress
Environmantal temperatures

Front 32

What are the 4 common types of fever?

Back 32

1. Intermittent: temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures.
2. Remittent: wide range of temperature fluctuations occurs over a 24 hour period, all above normal.
3. Relapsing- Short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of one to two days of normal temperatures.
4. Constant- The body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal.

Front 33

What is hyperpyrexia?

Back 33

Very high fever.

Front 34

Describe nursing interventions for client with a fever.
What should be monitored?

Back 34

Monitor vital signs, white blood cell count, hematocrit value, and other pertinent laboratory reports for indication of infection or dehydration, intake and output, skin color and temperature

Front 35

Identify the four most common sites for measuring body temperature. In your discussion include the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Back 35

Oral
Rectal
Axillary
Tympanic

Front 36

Identify the average pulse rate of an adult.

Back 36

The average pulse rate of an adult is 60

Front 37

Differentiate between peripheral pulse and apical pulse.

Back 37

A peripheral pulse is a pulse located away from the heart for example in the foot, wrist or neck.
The apical pulse in contrast is a central pulse, that is, it is located at the apex of the heart.

Front 38

Describe pulse rhythm and pulse volume. (

Back 38

• Pulse rhythm is the pattern of the beats and the intervals between the beats. Equal time elapses between beats of a normal pulse.
• Pulse volume also called the pulse strength or amplitude refers to the force of the blood with each beat.

Front 39

Average respiratory rate of an adult.

Back 39

12-24

Front 40

Differentiate between external and internal respiration.

Back 40

• External refers to the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and the pulmonary blood.
• Internal respiration by contrast takes place throughout the body; it is the interchange of these same gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the circulating blood and the cells of the body tissues.

Front 41

Identify factors that affect blood pressure.

Back 41

Age ( the older adult has lower BP due to the elasticity of arteries
Circadian rhythm (BP is usually lower in the am)
Race(hypertension is more prevalant in African American mena and woman)
Drugs/men (oral contraceptives cause a mild increae in BP)
Gender (woman usally have lower BP than men untill menopuase)
Food intake (BP increases after eating)
Exercise (systolic BP rises during periods of exercise)
Emotions ( generally causes BP to rise)
Body positions (BP lower when prone or supine than when standing or sitting)

Front 42

Identify sites that may be used for measuring blood pressure.

Back 42

Brachial artery and popliteal artery anre most commonly used

Front 43

Piloerection

Back 43

goose bumps, skin is site of primary heat loss

Front 44

Pulse rate

Back 44

is the number of pulsations felt over a peripheral artery, or the apex of the heart

Front 45

Blood pressure

Back 45

refers to the force of blood against aterial walls. Maiximum blood pressure is exerted on the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart pushes blood through the aortic valve into the aorta at the systole pressure. The lowest pressure present on the arterial walss is the diastolic pressure

Front 46

Melatonin

Back 46

Important for sleep

Front 47

Factors affecting Respirations rate and depth

Back 47

Exercise
Medications
trauma, infection, pain
heart disease
Emotions

Front 48

Pulse assessment

Back 48

Pulse assessment may be assessed by palpating peripheral arteries or by auscultating the apical pulse with a stephoscope ( 1 minute for apical pulse)

Front 49

Sites for accessing pulse

Back 49

peripherally or apically

Front 50

Stephascope
Big diaphragm

Back 50

picks up high pitch sounds

Front 51

Stephascope
Bell

Back 51

Measures at atrium
picks up low pitch sounds

Front 52

Pt with fever may have :

Back 52

dehydration
decreased urinary output
rapid heart beat

Front 53

while pt on 02

Back 53

no oral temps!

Front 54

LUB sound

Back 54

mitral valve

Front 55

DUB sound

Back 55

AV valve closing

Front 56

PMI

Back 56

normal pulse sensations - apical impulse (still called -Point of Maximum Impulse by some physicians)