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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classical conditioning
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A set of procedures, initially developed by Pavlov, used to investigate how organisms learn about the signalling properties of events; leads to the learning of relations between events—conditioned and unconditioned stimuli—that occur outside of our control
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conditioned inhibition
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Learning to associate a previously neutral stimulus with the absence of an unconditioned stimulus
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conditioned reinforcer
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A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through prior learning
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conditioned response (CR)
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The acquired response that is produced to the conditioned stimulus in anticipation of the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus; often resembles the unconditioned response, although not always
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conditioned stimulus (CS)
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A neutral stimulus (one that does not produce the unconditioned response before training) that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during classical conditioning and thereby comes to give rise to conditioned response
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discriminative stimulus
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The stimulus situation that sets the occasion for a response to be followed by reinforcement or punishment
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fixed-interval schedule
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A schedule in which the reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs following a fixed interval of time
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fixed-ratio schedule
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A schedule in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is fixed and does not change from trial to trial
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habituation
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The decline in responsiveness to repeated stimulation; habituation has been used to investigate the perceptual capabilities of infants
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instrumental or operant conditioning
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A procedure for studying how organisms learn about the consequences of their own voluntary actions: their behaviours are instrumental in producing rewards and punishments
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law of effect
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If a response in a particular situation is followed by a satisfying or pleasant consequence, the response will be strengthened; if a response in a particular situation is followed by an unsatisfying or unpleasant consequence, the response will be weakened
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learning
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A relatively permanent change in behaviour, or potential to respond, that results from experience
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negative punishment
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An event that, when removed after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occurring again
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