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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A-62. IV drug users are prone to what?
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Acute endocarditis
-Have no prior valve path -Cause by S. aureus and Strep spp. -Acute onset, fever, chills |
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A-62. What causes Acute Rheumatic Fever and what is the final result?
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-Antibody attack of the heart following previous Strep. pyogenes infection
-Mitral valve disease leading to Rheumatic HD |
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A-62. What is the most common pericarditis in the US and what is it duw to?
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-Serous
-Coxsackie B virus, uremia, Acute RHD, SLE |
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A-62. What can cause a uric acid stone?
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Consumption of purines, Gout, Leukemia, high cell turnover
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A-62. The most common cause of yeast infection?
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Candidiasis (white discharge)
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A-62. DOC for N. gonorrhea and s/s?
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Ceftriaxone
Purulent discharge |
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A-62. Genital warts cause and path?
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HPV 6 & 11
Genes E6 and E7 mess with p53 and RB |
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A-62. Describe the three types of benign lung masses.
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Hamartoma: made from tissue natural to lung
Adenoma: grangular structure Leiomyoma: smooth muscle |
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A-62. What may small cell carcinma of the lungs produce and cuase?
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ADH: edema/fluid overload
ACTH: cushing's Autoimmne Dis: Eaton-Lamber Syndrom (prox musc wekaness) |
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A-62. Path, epi, labs, for Seminoma
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Path: germ cell tumor
Epi: #1 common peak occurance age 35 Labs: +/- HCG |
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A-62. Leydig tumor labs, s/s?
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+ intracytoplasmic Reinke crystals
Precocious puberty if before puberty and gynecomastia if post puberty |
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A-62. Seros tumors are lined with cells like?
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Fallopian tube epithelium
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A-62. Endometroid tumor cell type?
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Glandular tissue resembling endometrial tissue - solid tumore
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A-62. Teratoma are know for having what?
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Dermoid Cysts: will contain hair, skin, bone and other tissues
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A-62. Sertoli-Leydig tumors secrete___________ and cause___________?
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Testosterone
Virilization in the female |
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A-62. Krukenberg tumor is from metastasized ________
and has ________cells |
Stomach
Signet-Ring Cell |
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A-62. Stage 4 Invasive Cervical Carcinoma extends_____________?
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beyond the pelvic wall or has involved the bladder
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A-62. Fibrocystic change vs. breast cancer?
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FC:mult. bilat nodules, lumpy bumpy - tenderness with menstral cycle
BC: solitary nodule, unilateral, nontender and not change with MC |
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A-62. Invasive ductal carcinoma path, s/s?
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-Path: neoplasm of ductal epithelium
-Most common BC -S/S: hard, nipple retraction, orange peel skin, fixed mass |
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A-62. Paget's disease of the nipple, path, s/s?
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Form of DCIS from nipple duct to nipple skin and areola
S/S: palp mass, fissured, ulcerated, oozing, hyperdermic, edematous nipple |
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A-62. Endometriosis path, s/s?
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Presence and prolif of non-neoplastic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
"Chocolate cysts" of the ovary Dysmenorrhea/pareunia |
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A-62. What is a Aschoff body?
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-Pathognomonic for RF
-Focal area of myocardial inflammation with enlarge myocytes and Aschoff cells (mult. nuc. giant cells in this lesion) |
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A-62. What would the FEV1. TLC, and FEV1/FVC ratio show in an obstrructive lung disease?
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FEV1: low
TLC: high, hyperinflation FEV1/FVC Ratio: low because - very low FEV1 |
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A-62. Describe Panacinar and Centrilobar ephysema.
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Panacinar: scattered, a-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Centrilobar: in center of lobe, associated with smoking |
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A-62. What's the path behind Bronchiectasis and in what diseases can it be found?
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Path: irreversible, focal bronchial dilation, usually acompanied by infection
Kartagener Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis |
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A-62.What would the FEV1. TLC, and FEV1/FVC ratio show in a restrictive disease?
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FEV1: norm or low
TLC: always low Ratio: both decrease proportionately therefore normal or low |
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A-62. Path, of neonatal ARDS
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Insuffcient surfactant (lecithin) as a result of premature birth prior 33-34 weeks
Lecitin: sphingomyelin ratio <2 |
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A-62. What is the macrpphage lifecycle in pneumoconiosis?
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Mac eats particle - release ROS, enzymes and immune mediators - mac dies - fibrpsis occurs - process repeats
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A-62. What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis and who gets it?
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Repeated inhalation of a particular allergen that causes an infammator response and fibrosis - Farmers, bird owners
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A-62. What are the causes of Bronchopneumonia and what's the x-ray look like?
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Hemophilis, Pseudomonas, Staph
Peri-bronchial infiltrates |
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A-62. What's the x-ray of atypical pneumo and what are the causes?
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XR: patchy bilateral pulm infiltrates
Kids: RSV, Adeno, Influ A/B Adults: Influenza A/B "WALKING PNEUMONIA" |
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A-62. What are the three causes of aspiration pneumonia?
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Gastic acid, Anaerobic bacteria from mouth, Mechanical obstruction
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A-62. Si/sx of nephritic syndrome?
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Hematuria, RBC casts, HTN, edema, increased BUN
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A-62. Si/sx of nephrotic syndrome?
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Sever proteinurea, frothy urine, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema
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A-62. Rapidly Progressive GNF always has?
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Crescents (prolif of epi. of Bowman's capsule that surrounds glomerulus
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A-62. What do the path/biopsy findings show in Membranous Glomerulonephritis?
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Thick basement membrane with subepithelial deposits of IgA and C3 comp in "spike/dome" pattern
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A-62. What causes Acute Prolif GNF?
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group A strep
Messangial proliferation subepithelial deposits of IgG and C3 comp - hump like pattern |
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A-62. Muddy brown casts is pathognomonic for?
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Actute tubular necrosis
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A-62. What causes Pre-renal ARF and labs?
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Hypoperfusion
High BUN: creat (>20:1) |
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A-62. BUN: Creat on Renal ARF?
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Hi, >10:1
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A-62. Post renal ARF caused by?
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Blockage on urine, stone, BPH, injury
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A-62. Diabetes, GNF, HTN cause 3/4 of?
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Chronic Renal failure
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A-62. What is the most common kidney stone?
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Calcium
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