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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when does heart start to develop?
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day 19 of gestation
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fetal circulation higher or lower:
pulmonary vascular resistance? CO? Hgb concentration? |
higher.
lower. higher. |
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What is CVO?
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Combined ventricular output representing both ventricle working together.
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fetal heart compliance differences?
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more non-contractile tissue.
decreased compliance. bradycardia poorly tolerated. tachycardia precursor to rapid CHF onset. |
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when does lung start developing?
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day 21
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when do alveoli appear?
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weeks 28 to 32.
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when does alveoli reach full quantity?
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by 4 years of age.
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what does lung fluids change at birth?
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fluid replcaed by air, which increase blood O2, and drops PVR.
PVR decrease then increase pulm blood flow. Umbilical blood flow stops. IVC flow drops and RA pressure drops and increases blodo flow to lung. The increased LA volume and pressure closes the foramen ovale. Ductus arterosus closes and thus achieves series circulation. |
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what changes occur in the body at birth? (SVR, PVR, CO from LV?)
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SVR increases, causing / beginning myocardial hypertrophy.
PVR decreases. RV wall thins. CO from LV increases. |
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Which side has decreased breath sounds?
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on the skull side?
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What do abnormal breath sounds mean?
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Must be correlated to chest x ray due to close proximity of airways and segments.
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what does stridor on inspiration mean?
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upper airway obstruction.
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what does expiratory grunting mean?
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airway collapse.
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What doesn't increase with age?
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resting HR and RR.
Cardiac index (= CO/BSA) O2 consumption, normalized to BSA. RV wall thickness. |
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What increases with age?
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systemic BP with body size.
SV with body growth. CO related to BSA. LV wall thickness. Contractile property of myocardial cells. |
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how much alveoli are present at birth?
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1/3 to 1/2.
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When are lungs fully mature?
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18 in females, 20 in males.
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How are the ribcage and diaphragm of peds?
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Ribcage has less musculature and so kids depend on belly excursion and nasal breathing pattern.
Diaphragm is more horizontal at first. Intercostals and abdominals to stabilize upright position. |
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What is RDS?
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Respiratory distress syndrome due to decrease surfactant and structural immaturity.
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What are secondary problems with RDS?
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bronhcial necrosis due to shear damage during reinflation.
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What are other sequelae of RDS?
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chronic restrictive lung disease due to scarring from pressure ventilation.
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What is BPD?
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
similar to RDS but persists/progresses over 1 month. |
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What is the mechanism of BPD?
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Prolonged ventilatory support leads to poor secretion management.
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What are symptoms of BPD?
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Chronic hypercapnia.
persistent atelectasis. lobar hyperinflation. |
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What risks are associated with BPD?
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presdisposition to GERD increases risk to aspiration.
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what kind of disease is BPD?
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Chronic OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease.
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What are outcomes long term to BPD?
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increased WOB leads to poor feeding & decreased growth.
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What is MAS?
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Meconium aspiration syndrome.
Aspiration of meconium in utero or during first breaths after birth. |
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What does prolonged MAS can lead to?
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Pulmonary HTN.
50% of persistent pulm HTN cases are due to MAS. |
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What does partial obstruction in MAS cause?
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a ball valve effect leading to air trapping and possible hyper expansion.
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