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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define psychotropic agent
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A drug which alters the functioning of the mind (thinking, emotions, perceptions,...)
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Psychotropic agents are used to treat what disorders in the text book
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Depression
Anxiety Schizophrenia Bipolar |
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Depression is caused by low levels of brain _______
Anxiety is caused by high levels of brain _______ They are both treated with "psycho________ agents" |
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine Psychotropic agents |
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All of these drugs are examples of what?
Tricyclics Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Tetracyclines Serotonin reuptake inhibitors Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors |
Psychotropic Anti-depressants Agents
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All of these drugs are examples of what?
Sedative hypnotics Beta Blockers Buspirone |
Psychotropic Anti-anxiety agents
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The catecholamine theory of mood is....
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Moods are correlated with neurotransmitter Norepi
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Psychotropic agents work alter this chemical in the brain
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Norepi
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Tricyclics are used to treat ___________
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Depression
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The drugs of choice for treating severe depression are ___________.
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Tricyclics
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If a person was experiencing depression for reason like illness, death in the family, etc.... or, endogenous, neurotic, always have been depressed, what drug of choice would you use to treat him?
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Tricyclics
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Do the MOA of Tricyclics inhibit or increase the reuptake of Norepinephrine?
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Inhibits, because it's an anti-depressant.
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The side effects of Tricyclics are
1. __________ (occasionally) 2. Anti________ (give examples) 3. Cardiovascular (2 examples) 4. ________ dysfunction common with all antidepressants |
1.Sedation
2. Anticholinergic - dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation 3. Hypotension and arrhythmias 4. Sexual dysfunction |
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) clinical uses are ________ and _________
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Depression
Hypertension |
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) side effects are similar to tricyclics, but differ in what way
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MAO inhibitor is a CNS stimulant, and can cause a hypertensive crisis
*Both have: hypotension, G.I. 0 nausea, constipation. Anticholinergic - blurred vision, dry mouth, pee retention |
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) contraindication include __________ & ___________ interactions. Also _______ failure
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Food and drug interactions.
Renal failure |
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"Atypical" anti-depressant agents in the book include _______ and _______
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tetracyclic (not a tricyclic)
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) |
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__________ are prescribed more frequently than any other class of therapeutic agent.
Short term or long term use? Ineffective if use for _________ amount of time |
Anti-anxiety agents
Short term use Ineffective if used for months. |
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The 3 types of drugs used for treating anxiety are.
(They are all short term use drugs) |
Sedative-hypnotics
Beta Blockers (No sedation for addiction) Buspirone (BuSpar) *may take 1-2 weeks to work. |
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All ________ drugs block the effects on dopamine
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Antipsychotic drugs
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Neuroleptics is another name for ____________ agents
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Antipsychotic agents
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How do amphetamines effect schizophrenia, and what is the theory?
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Amphetamines make schizophrenia worse or cause psychoses in "normal" individuals.
Autopsy verifies patients have much higher levels of dopamine. |
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How are dopamine levels effected with these drugs?
Amphetamines Alcohol* Levodopa Antidepressant Antipsychotics |
Increased (ex, AD-HD use)
Increased * Don't forget about GABA affects increased (parkinsons) Doesn't target dopamine, targets Norepi Blocks dopamine effects. |
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Therapeutic uses of Antipsychotic agents are (4)
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Schizophrenia
Manic phase of manic depressive until lithium works Antiemetic (anti vomiting and nausea) Hiccups |
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Side effects of antipsychotic drugs/agents
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1 Sedation
2 Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth....) 3 Antiadrenergic effects (reflex tachycardia, postural hypotension 4 Extrapyramidal effects - locomotor effects (shaking) |
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3 classes of antipsychotic agents are?
(All are equally effective) |
Phenothiazines (antiemetics) - more sedation, less extrapyramidal
Thioxanthenes - less sedation, more extrapyramidal Butyrophenones - little sedatioin, higher extrapyramidal |
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Lithium is used to treat
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Bipolar disorder
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What is the therapeutic use for Lithium
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Manic episodes - increased psychomotor activity, elation, aggression, grandiose ideas
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Lithium mechanism of action decreases ___________ neurotransmitter?
How does it affect the reuptake of that transmitter? |
decreases Norepi
decreases reuptake of Norepi |
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Lithium competes with ______ ion. Essentially, where ever that ion is, it wants to take it's place
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Sodium (NA+)
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What is the connection between Lithium and the uncontrollable urge for water
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It competes with sodium causing an abnormal loss of sodium. Sodium is incredibly important in the transport of water.
*Increases urination and thirst. |
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Which psychotropic drugs are sedating and not sedating?
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Sedating drugs - tricyclics (depression), sedative-hypnotics (anxiety), Antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones)
Not Sedating - Lithium, MAO inhibitors (stimulant for depression) |