6. All About Heart

Front 1

How to change blood pressure, involuntariy

Back 1

smooth muscle in arterioles( Peripheral resistance)

1. nerve impulses, hormones control arteriole muscles

2. stress, phys and emotional raise blood pressure by trig nervous and hormonal response that contrict blood vessels

Front 2

When in exercise ,what happen to peripheral resistance and blood flow?

Back 2

arterioles dilate, greater flow of oxygen filled blood, decrease of periph resistance

then blood pressure still same because the cardiac output adjusts itself by pumping more.

Front 3

how does blood come back to heart from veins

Back 3

smooth muscle contraction

skeletal muscle squeezes blood through veins

Front 4

what happens to blood when inhale?

Back 4

thoracic cavity expand

less pressure in there

venae cavae and veins near heart to expand and fill with blood

Front 5

where are the capillaries always full capacity?

Back 5

heart, brain, kidney and liver

other places, depend on time

only 5-10% of total capill have blood flowing at certain time

Front 6

precapillary sphincters

Back 6

allow the flow of blood from arterioles to venules ( arterioles to capill to venules)

the direct way from arterioles to venules is by channels which are always open

Front 7

3 ways to exchange substance from blood and ISF

Back 7

1. endocytocis then exocytosis : proteins

2. diffusion ( lipid soluble)

3. bulk fow in clefts( water soluble)

Front 8

Arterial end, venue end, blood pressure vs osmotic pressure

Back 8

arterial end: blood pressure bigger than osmotic pressure

Venule end: blood pressure less than osmotic pressure

so water comes back 85%

Front 9

where the rest of water 15 comeback?

Back 9

lymphatic system, through tiny lacteals minged with capillaries

Front 10

Lymph

Back 10

similar composition to ISF

Front 11

Where does the lymphatic system go back to circulatory system

Back 11

near the junction of venae cavae and right atrium

Front 12

how lymphatic system keep things pumping?

Back 12

1. rythmic contraction of vessel walls, draw fluid into lymphatic capillaries

2. skeletal muscle to squeeze blood toward heart

Front 13

Lymph nodes

Back 13

along lymph vessels, filter lymph, attack viruses and bacteria

honeycomb of connective tissue with White blood cell

maintain volume and protein concentration of blood

Front 14

why lymph node swollen

Back 14

when attacking viruses, WBC multiply

Front 15

lymphatic sys and fat?

Back 15

carries fats from digestive tract to circulatory system

Front 16

Blood is what, composed of what

Back 16

blood is connective tissue

cells suspended in plasma

plasma without clotting factors= serum

Front 17

Plasma carries what

Back 17

RBC, WBC, platelets

water, ions, proteins, nutrients

1. nutrients

2. metabolic waste

3. respiratory gases

4. hormones

Front 18

plasma proteins do what ( 5)

Back 18

1. buffer against PH changes

2. maintain osmotic balance

3. transport insoluble lipids in blood

4. immunoglobulins and antibodies combat viruses and foreign agents that invade body

5. blood viscosity

6. fibrinogen plug leaks when vessels are injured

Front 19

fibrinogen do what

Back 19

plug leaks when vessels are injured

Front 20

3 types of cell in blood

Back 20

erythrocytes RBC

WBC

Platelets

Front 21

Hemogobin

Back 21

in the RBC,

iron containing protein that transport oxygen

Front 22

erythrocytes have nuclei, mitochondria?

Back 22

no nucli, more space for hemoglobin

no mitochondria, so ATP is made by anaerobic metabolism

Front 23

What the use of NO in RBC

Back 23

relaze the capill walls and help deliver O2 to cells

Front 24

5 major types of WBC

Back 24

1. neutrophils

2. monocytes

3. lymphocyte

4. eosinophils

5. basophils

Front 25

CLASSIFY each types of WBC

Back 25

phagocytes: monocytes and neutrophils

Lymphocyte develop into special Tcells and B cells. immune response

basophils and eosinophils : immune resp. allergic reactions

Front 26

What are platelets

Back 26

cell fragments

no nuclei

orginate in bone marrow

blood clotting

Front 27

How long erythrocytes last?

Back 27

3-4 months

then destroyed in liver and spleen by phagocytic cells

Front 28

Iron recycled?

Back 28

yes, many iron are old hemoglobin then build new hemoglobin

Front 29

pluripotent

Back 29

potential to become many diff cells.

Stem cells in bone marrow

Front 30

leukemia

Back 30

cancer of bone marrow and stem cells

treat it, take stem cells off, destroy bone marrow, and restock it with new stem cells

Front 31

erythropoietin

Back 31

plasma protein transformed when not enough oxygen in tissues

converted by kidney

stim production of RBC

when too much oxygen, reverse happens

Front 32

Blood clotting is what

Back 32

when vessels are damaged,

platelets adhele to collagen fibers

Reinforced when too servere with clot of fibrin

Front 33

hemophilia is what

Back 33

defect in clotting process

royal disease

Front 34

thrombus

Back 34

spontaneous clotting of platelets and fibrin

Front 35

difference between heart attact and stroke

Back 35

heart attact: death of cardiac muscle by blockage of arteries

stroke: death of nervous tissue in brain

Front 36

2 types of stroke

Back 36

1. hemorrahagic stoke: lead blood to brain

2. ischemic stroke: stop blood to brain

Front 37

embolos

Back 37

a thrombus when it travels to somewhere else than it originates

Front 38

atheroscoerosis

Back 38

plaques growths develop in inner walls of arteries

narrow the arteries

Front 39

arteriosclerosis

Back 39

plaques hardened by calcium deposits, hardening of arteries

Front 40

hypertension do what to heart disease

Back 40

high blood pressure, more chance of atherosclerosis

Front 41

LDL and HDL

Back 41

low density lipoprotein: deposite of cholesterol in arterial plaques

High... : prevent that happening