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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what happens in a lymphoid follicle germinal center?
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B-cell proliferation during immune response: isotype switching
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where does Ig class switching occur?
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germinal centers of lymph nodes
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what growth medium for c. diphtheriae?
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tellurite plate, loffler's medium; "TELL your InTErn not to LOFF around!"
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what bug grows on bile and saline agar?
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enteroccoci -- differentiates it from nonenterococcal gropu d strep (can't grow in saline)
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monospot test
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agglutination with sheep erythrocytes; positive = EBV, negative = CMV (mononucleosis)
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what factors does HIB need to grow?
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X (hematin) and V (NAD); NAD can beprovided by s.aureu on normal sheep blood agar)
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Most common bacterial causes of acute otitis media, sinusitis, AND bacterial conjunctivitis in childhood
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1. STREP PNEUMO; 2) nontypable HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; 3) MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS (Hib vax doesnt affect nontyptable h.influenzae)
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most common causes of acute bronchitis
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almost alwyas viral (influenza A/B, coronavirus, RSV)
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Hib vs nontypable h.influenza
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Hib causes: meninigitis, pneumonia, sepsis, epiglottitis; H.influ nontypable causes: otitis media, sinusitis, bacterial conjunctivitis
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congenital toxo sx
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TRIAD: 1) hydrocephalus; 2) intracranial calcifications; 3) chroioretinitis; also have hepatosplenomegaly, rash, neuro abnormlaitis (seizures, muscle tone, ocular mvmt defects)
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what are staph's two "shields?"
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1) PROTEIN A: binds Fc portion of IgG at complement-binding site ==> prevents activation of complement; 2) COAGULASE creates fibring wall?
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what's unique about s.bovis endocarditisa/?
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occurs in pts WITHOUT preexisting valvular abnormality
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what fungus in leukemia patients undergoing immmunosuppression tx? what form? what tx?
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mucormycosis (mucor, rhizospus, absidia); broad, nonseptate hyphae (mold), wide branching angle; tx w/ debridement + amphotericin B
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tastroenteritis acquired from domestic animals / contaminated food
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campylobacter
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what bug makes lecithinase, what's it called, what does it do?
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c. perfringens -- alpha toxin; toxin destorys RBCs, WBCs, platelets, etc., ==> responsible for rapid tissue necrosis (gas gangrene)
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inheritence of CGD
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x-linked
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what does TSST-1 do?
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produced by s.aureus, superantigens; crosslink MHC II on APCs with TCR on T-cells ==> nonspecific t-cell activation ==> IL-2, from t-cells, IL-1/TNF from macrophages ==> systemic shock, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, erythroderma, etc. specifically, desquamation on palms/soles 1-2wks after onset
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what cells contain a TB infection?
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CD$+ Th1 cells + macrophages ==> caseating granuloma
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classic clinical presentation of s.typhi (typhoid fever)
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organisms phagocytosed by M cells in gut, replicate there ==> initial abdomoinal cramping, low fever, diarrhea/constipation; ==> slamon-colored "rose spots" on abdomen, hepatosplenomegaly, hemorrhagic diarrhea/sepsis
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tx of cryptococcal meningitis
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amphotericin B +- flucytosine (in HIV + pts); fluconazole maintenance tx for HIV+ pts also (for life)
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which exotoxins inactivate EF-2 via ribosylation?
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C.diphtheriae: diphtheria toxin; pseudomonas: exotoxoin A
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what does calymmatobacterium inguinale cause?
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granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) --> lymphatic obstruction --> elephantitasis
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STD w/ swollen, painful lymph nodes
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chlaymydia
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what component of G+ cell membrane/wall induces TNFa/IL1?
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teichoic acid (Lipid A does for G-)
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which bug has a non-polysaccharide capsule?
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b.anthracis -- D-glutamate
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exceptions to G- == endotoxin rule
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LISTERIA: G+ with endotoxin; BACTERIOIDES: G- without endotoxin
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heat tolerance of exo vs endo toxin
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endotoxin: STABLE at 100'C for 1 hr; exotoxin: RAPIDLY DESTROYED at 60'C (except staph enterotoxin)
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name the ADP ribosylating AB toxins
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cAMP INDUCERS: ETEC (LT --> Gs), V.CHOLERA (choleratoxin --> Gs), B.PERTUSSIS (pertussis toxin --| Gi); EF-2 INHIBITORS: C.DIPHTHERIA, PSEUDOMONAS; both --| EF-2 (responsible for protein synthesis)
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what does endotoxin activate? (3)
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1) MACROPHAGES: IL-1, TNF, NO; 2) COMPLEMENT (alternate pathway): C3a, C5a; 3) HAGEMAN FACTOR (XII): coagulation cascade --> DIC
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which bugs cant be visualized on gram stain?
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intracellular: RICKETTSIA, CHLAMYDIA, LEGIONELLA (mostly intracell); too thin: TREPONEMA; no cell wall: MYCOPLASMA; high lipid content: MYCOBACTERIA
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which bugs make colored pigment (3)
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s.aureus (yellow, aureus = gold); pseudomonas (blue-green); serratia (red)
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which bugs have IgA protease? What does this mean?
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Neisseria (M + G), Hib, S.pneumo; allows colonization of mucosal surfaces
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which bugs have urease?
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PUNCH (proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, cryptococcus, h.pylori)
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what are different factors that lend antiphagocytic capabilities, and which bugs have them?
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1) CAPSULES (many bugs); 2) M-PROTEIN (S. pyogenes -- grp A strep); 3) A PROTEIN (S.aureus); 4) PILI (n.gonorrhea)
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which category of bugs are catalase negative?
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anaerobes
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which bugs have coagulase?
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s.aureus, yersenia pestis (plague)
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name the G- "coccoid" rods and their "special powers" (6)
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(1) respiratory: HIB (factors V and X), LEGIONELLA (charcoal yeast + Fe + cysteine), B.PERTUSSIS (bordet-gengou potato medium); (2) zoonotic '-ellas': BRUCELLA (diary; obligate areobe), PASTEURELLA (cat/dog bite; ox+, cat-), FRANCISELLA (rabbits, carcasses; causes plague)
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cat SCRATCH vs BITE
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bite = pasteurella (grows in mouth); scratch = bartonella
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name the lactose fermenting G- rods
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"EECKS," grow pink on MacConkey's agar; FAST fermenters: Klebsiella, E.Coli, Enterobacter; SLOW fermenters: Serratia (red), Citrobacter
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name the lactose non-fermenting G- rods
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ox+: PSEUDOMONAS, V.CHOLERA; ox-: SHIGELLA (nonmotile, H2S-), SALMONELLA (motile, H2S+), PROTEUS (motile, urease+)
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what medium does M.TB grow on?
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lowenstein-jensen agar
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what is giemsa stain used for?
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Chlamydia, Borellia, Plasmodium, Trypanasomes
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what is silver stain used for?
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Fungi, PCP, Legionella
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Segmented viruses, significance
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influenza virus [8 (orthomyxovirus -->"ocho")], reoviruses [11], arenaviruses [2], bunyavirus [3]; allows genetic drift
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which toxins acquired by lysogenic transduction?
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OBED (O antigen of salmOnella; Botulinum toxin, Erytrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes; Diphtheria toxin)
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which toxins acquired by conjugation?
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LT toxin of ETEC (cholera-like)
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most common method of transferring drug resistance
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F+ to F- conjugation (esp in G- bacilli)
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name the obligate aerobes
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Nasty Pests Must Breathe (Nocardia, Pseudomonas, M.TB, Brucella, Bacillus, Bordatella)
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name the obligate anaerboes
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Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides (lack CATALASE AND SOD)
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what ribosomal inhibitors can't be used with anaerobes, and why?
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aminoglycosides (need O2 to enter cell)
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name the facultative intracellular organisms
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY (Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia)
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which bugs have capsules?
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Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules (S.pneumo, Klebsiella, Hib, Pseudomonas, Neisseria Meningitis, Cryptococcus);
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name the beta-hemolytic bacteria (4)
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s.aureus, s.pyogenes, s.agalactiae, listeria (tumbling motility)
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what bacteria form spores?
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clostridium, bacillus, and coxelli-burnetti (like rickettsia, but forms endospore --> can be inhaled, doesn’t need tick, can cause pneumo w/o rash)
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candida infections (4)
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THRUSH in I/C (AIDS, neonates, oral steroids, diabetes); ENDOCARDITIS (ivdu); VAGINITIS (post abx); DIAPER RASH
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tx for candida
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superficial: NYSTATIN; systemic: AMPHOTERICIN B (+/- FLUCYTOSINE)
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tx for systemic mycoses
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local infec: FLUCONAZOLE, KETOCONAZOLE; systemic infection: AMPHOTERICIN B
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tinea versicolor vs nigra
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versicolor: HYPOpigment, caused by malessezia furfur, tx w topical miconazole/selneium sulfide; nigra: HYPERpigment, caused by cladosporium werneckii, tx w/ topical salicylic acid
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fungi found in exrement
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bat/bird droppings: HISTOPLASMOSIS; pigeon droppings: CRYPTOCOCCUS
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cigar-shaped budding yeast, tx
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sporothrix; TX: itraconazole, potassium iodide (take the rose bush, put IT in a POT)
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tx for systemic yeasts
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FLUCONAZOLE, FLUCYTOSINE (candida, cryptococcus)
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amphotericin tox
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NEPHROtox, CARDIOtox (arrhythmias), fevers/chills ("shake and bake"), hypotension
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griseofulvin tox
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TERATOGEN, carcinogen, INCREASED WARFARIN metab
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why should you NEVER tease a PRO?
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he'll CrUSH your RED PLATELETS (protease inhibitors --> cushingoid fat redistribution -- buffalo hump, central obesity);
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influenza tx, mech, tox
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AMANTADINE / RIMANTADINE: block penetration/uncoating; used for fluA, rubellA; tox: cerebellA; ZANAMIVIR, OSELTAMIVIR: inhibit neuraminidase (viral release); flu A+B
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ribavirin: use, mech, tox
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--| IMP dehydrogenase ==> --| GMP synth; used for RSV/HCV; tox: HA, teratogen
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herpes tx and tox
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ACYCLOVIR / FOSCARNET: nephro + neuro (delerium, tremor); GANCYCLOVIR: also get BM suppression
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name 3 non-nucleoside RTIs
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nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirnez
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reverse transcriptase inhibitor tox
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NRI: lactic acidosis, BM suppression and periph neuropathy; AZT: megaloblastic anemia
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which drug used in HIV+ pregnant woman to dec risk of fetal transmission? Whats the tox of this drug?
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AZT, megaloblastic anemia
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abx to avoid during preg
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SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care: Sulfas (kernicterus), Aminoglycosides (ototox), Fluoroquinolones (cartilage), Erythromycin (hep in mom), Metronidazole, Tetracycline (teeth, bones), Ribavirin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol (gray baby)
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name 3 protozoa that cause diarrhea
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1) ENTAMOEBA histolytica: BLOODY, can cause liver abscess; 2) GIARDIA: NON-BLOODY, 2eyes,4flagella; 3) CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: severe in AIDS
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what do giardia and trichomonas have in common?
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protozoa, flagellated, foul smelling
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bugs from uncooked pork
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toxoplasma, taenia solium (both cause brain lesions)
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toxo sx
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tumor-like brain growth + chorioretinitis (yellow-white fluffy patches on red retina)
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general malaria lifecycle
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growth in liver, reproduction in RBCs, RBC rupture --> fever (seen my immune system for first time)
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what are the 5 forms of malaria, and how are they characterized?
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1) SPOROZOITE: only from mosquito --> liver; 2) TROPHOZOITE (liv: ball; rbc: ring); 3) SCHIZONT (after multiple mitoses -- thousands of cells); 4) MEROZOITE (particles burst out of cells: liver/RBC --> bloodstream); 5) HYPNOZOITE (only vivax/ovale): dormant forms, only kiled by primaquine
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which malaria causes CNS damage?
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falciparum
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malaria vs babesiosis
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both invade RBCs --> fever, hemolysis (anemia); however, babesia is spread by TICKS (not mosquitos), and does NOT affect liver cells
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what do you use to tx chloroquine resistant malaria (usu falciparum)?
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mefloquine, quinine
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what are the blood-borne flagellates? What do they cause?
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TRYPANOSOMA (CRUZI [xmit by reduviig]: chagas = megacolon, dilated cardiomyopathy; GAMBIENSE/RHODESIENSE [xmit by tsetse fly]: afr sleeping sickness); LEISHMANIA (xmit by sandfly): visceral/cutaneous leishmaniasis
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what does OnchOcerca volvusus cause? What do you tx it with?
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RIVER BLINDNESS (the O's look like eyes); tx with IVERMECTIN (I VER = "I see" or "IVERmectin treats rIVER blindness")
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what helminths cause intestinal infection? What do you tx them with?
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Ancylostoma (anemia), Ascarsis lumbricoides, Enterobias (anal), Strongyloides; Tx strongyloides with IVERMECTIN/THIABENDAZOLE, rest with MEBENDAZOLE;
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what is taenia solium?
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tapeworm found in undercooked prok/ can cause mass lseion in brain, cysticercosis; tx w/ praziquantel
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what are the flukes? What do you tx them with?
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SCHISTOSOMA (liver); CLONORCHIS sinensis (bile duct), PARAGONIMUS (Lungs, para~=pulm); tx all with PRAZIQUANTEL
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what does dracunculus medinensis cause?
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skin ulcer (think dracula's fangs)
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parasite w/ brain cysts/seizures
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taenia solium
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parasite w/ liver cysts
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echinococcus granulosus
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parasite w/ B12 deficiency
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diphyllobothrium latum
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parasite w/ biliary tract disease
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clonorchis sinensis
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parasite w/ hemoptysis
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paragonimus westermani
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parasite w/ portal htn
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schistosoma mansoni
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parasite w/ hematuria, bladder cancer
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shistosoma haematobium
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parasite w/ microcytic anemia
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Ancylostoma, Necator
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parasite w/ perianal pruritis
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Enterobius
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trichomonas vs trichinella
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TRICHOMONAS = protozoa that causes vaginal infection; TRICHINELLA: worm in undercooked meat
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naked (+) ssRNA vs naked (-) ssRNA
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only naked (+) is infectious
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blepharoplasts
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rod-shaped basal ciliary bodies near nucleus, found in EPENDYMOMAS
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what diseases can adenovirus cause?
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common cold, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic cystitis
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what viruses are in the picorna family?
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"PERCH on a PEAK (pico):" Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV
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MCC aseptic (viral) meningitis
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1) Coxsackie; 2) Echovirus; 3) Mumps
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viruses in calicivirus family
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HEV, Norwalk (gastroenteritis)
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flaviviruses
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"merica's got flava:" St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, HCV
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viruses in filovirus family
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Ebola, Manburg hemorrhagic fever -- often fatal
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bunyaviruses
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california encephalitis, rift valley fever / sand fly fever, hantavirus (hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia)
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how does hantavirus present?
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flu-like illness --> respiratory failure; seen in southwest US (jared's land: "likes his hanta on his cocci"…)
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what viral vaccines are egg-based?
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"FRY an egg:" Flu, mmR, Yellow fever
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MCC cold
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Rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus
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paramyxovirus vs orthomyxovirus
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PARAMYXO has: 1) nonsegmented RNA; 2) HA + NA on same glycoprotein; 3) F (fusion) protein, creates multinucleated giant cells
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what do paramyxoviruses cause?
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all cause disease in KIDS: 1) PARAMYXOVIRUS: croup; 2) RSV: bronchiolitis, pneumonia (infants); 3) MUMPS; 4) MEASLES
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sx of measles
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3 Cs: Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Koplik spots
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what on rabies virus surface is important for virulence?
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antigens that bind ACh --> allows entrance into neurons --> retrograde transport up peripheral neruonal axes to CNS
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timing of rabies infection
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long incubation period (3 mos), partly due to long retrograde transport time
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sx of yellow fever
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high fever, black vomitus, jaundice (yellow), COUNCILMAN bodies (small red bodies in liver);
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dengue fever presentation
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2 steps; 1) initial infection --> inflam, pain response, BREAKBONE FEVER; 2) reinfection, different serotype forms Ics with Ags from first infection --> hemorrhage, shock, DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
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MCC infectious corneal blindness
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keratoconjunctivitis from HSV-1
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best test to determine active HAV infection
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check for IgM HAVAb
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what are the three HIV genes and their products?
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gag (structural: gp41, gp120); env (capsid, nucleocapsid, matrix proteins); pol (enzymes: RT, protease, integrase)
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how do you make HIV diagnosis?
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ELISA = screening test; followup with WESTERN BLOT/PCR/VIRAL LOAD
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three stages of HIV infection
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PRIMARY: mono-like sx; ABs low, Ag/virus high, CD4 count high; LATENT: virus survives by mutations; Ag low, Ab high, CD4 high; IMMUNODEFICIENCY/AIDS: Ag high, Ab low, CD4 LOW
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infections at CD4 < 400
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constitutional sx (wt loss, night sweats, adenopathy); INFECTIONS: Tinea, Candida, VZV, TB, Bacterial (Hib, shigella, salmonella)
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infections at CD4 < 200
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PCP, Toxo, Cryptococcus, VZV, diarrhea (Cryptosporidium, Isospora)
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infections at CD4 < 50
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CMV (retinitis, esophagitis, disseminated); MAI (disseminated)
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what kind of dz do prions cause?
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spongiform encephalopathy (eg CJD -- rapid progressive dementia)
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dz caused by actinomyces vs nocardia
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nocardia is aerobic --> pulmonary infections in I/C patients; actinomyces I nl oral flora --> oral/facial abscesses
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motility of enterobacteriaceae
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shIgella -- nonmotile; Salmonella: motile; E.coli: very motile;
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yersinia motility
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enterocolitica is motile, pestis is not
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how does e.coli get its virulence factors?
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via plasmids
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what bug preceeds HUS
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** E.Coli **, maybe C.jejuni
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weil-felix rxn
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proteus Ags x-rx with rickettsia Ag -- use P.vulgaris Ags to test for Rickettsia
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bloody diarrhea from daycare center
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yersinia enterocolitis
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bloody diarrhea that looks like appendicitis
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yersinia enterocolitis
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causes of watery diarrhea
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ETEC (traveller's diarrhea), V.Cholera, C.perfringens, Protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidia -- NOT Entamoeba), Viruses (Rota, Norwalk, Adeno: "the watery diarrhea just RAN through my system")
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b.pertussis virulence factor
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filamentous hemagglutinin -- allows adherance to respiratory epithelium
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G- bugs w/ respiratory xmission
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Legionella, Hib, B.Pertussis (all coccoid)
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Osteomyelitis in ivDu and Diabetics
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psueoDOmonas
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what kind of patients does pseudomonas take advantage of?
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CF, burn victims, ivdu and diabetics (osteomyelitis)
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sx of tularemia
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site-specific black ulcers, lymphadenopathy, plague-like
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dz caused by brucella, transmission
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Undulant fever (peaks in evening, nl in morning); xmission by dairy / animals; "Unpasteurized dairy gives you Undulant fever"
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facultative intracellular zoonotics
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BRUCELLA, FRANCISELLA, YERSINIA; very virulent; phagocytosed by macrophage --> LN --> blood --> organs; tx with AMINOGLYCOSIDES + DOXYCYCLINE; NOT pasteurella
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tx for leprosy, tox of tx
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dapsone; can cause hemolysis and methemoglobinemia
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chlaymydia serotypes
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A-C: trAChoma (conjunctivitis, 2' infec --> blindness); D-K: neonatal pneumo/conjunctivitis, Urethritis; L1-L3: lymphogranuloma venereum
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2 forms of chlamydia parasite
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ELEMENTARY BODY (small, dense, infectious) and INITIAL/RETICULATE BODY (intracellular, replicates)
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rickettsia vs chlamydia
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both oligate intracellular; CHLAMYDIA is human-human xmission, replicates in endosomes (reticulate body), tropic to columnar epithelial cells and mucous membranes; RICKETSSIA is arthropod-borne, replicates in cytoplasm, and is tropic to endothelial cells lining BV
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R. Rickettsii vs R. Prowazekki
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RICKETSII has centripetal spreading rash (from palms/soles); PROWAZEKKI has centrigually spreading rash, SPARES palms/soles; S.Pyogenes Scarlet Fever also has centrifugal spread, spares FACE
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rickettsia vs coxiella
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same family, but coxiella can form endospores -- doesn't need arthropod vector (can be inhaled) ==> can cause resp infection w/o rash
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treponema pertenue
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YAWS: tropical infection (non-STD even tho VDRL +); gummas disfigure face ("JAWS taking a bite")
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congenital syphilis
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saber shins, saddle nose, deafness (CN VIII)
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what can cause false positive VDRL?
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VDRL (Viruses [mono, hep], Drugs, Rheumatic fever / Rhematoid arthritis, Lupus and Leprosy)
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what antibiotics are bactericidal?
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AMP-GENT (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins; aminoglycosides); C.dif KILLING drugs (vanc, metro), Fluoroquinolones
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what is ampiillin/amoxicillin used for?
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amoxicillin HELPS kill ENTEROCOCCI (Hib, E.coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Enterococci)
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when to use aztreonem?
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G- rods, pts with penicillin allergies or renal insuffiency (can't take aminoglycosides)
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drug of choice for enterobacter
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imipenem/cilastin || meropenem
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what drugs facilitate aminoglycoside toxicities?
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CEPHALOSPORINS (nephrotox); OTOTOX (loop diuretics)
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tetracycline vs doxycycline
|
tet excreted renally, doxy via liver ==> give doxy in pts with renal failure;
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what to use tetracycline for?
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VACUUM THe BedRoom (V.Cholera, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma, Treponema, Tularemia, H.Pylori, Borellia, Rickettsia)
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uses of macrolides
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1) PNA: Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma, S.pneumo (only in pts w penicillin allerg); 2) STD: Chlamydia, Neisseria
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use of chloramphenicol
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meningitis if pt allergic to ceftriaxone
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main uses of TMP/SMX
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UTI (e.coli), PCP, GI bugs (Shigella, Salmonella)
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sulfa tox
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G6PD, hypersensitivity, nephrotox, kernicterus in infants, displaces drugs from albumin (eg warfarin)
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fluoroquinolone use
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"gyrators, drinking and dancing" -- don't want to have to pee, because it BURNS (tx UTIs); also tx some GI bugs (pseudomonas!)
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uses of METRO
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1) GET on the metro (Giardia, Entameoba, Trichomonas); 2)Anaerobes below the diaphragm (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Gardnerella [almost an anaerobe]); 3) H.Pylori (TBAM!)
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uses/tox of polymixins
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used for resistant gram negs; tox: neuro+nephro
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2nd line TB tx
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cycloserine
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use of rifampin
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TB, delay resistance to dapson in leprosy, meningococcal/Hib prophylaxis
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prophylaxis for endocarditits with dental/surgical procedures
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penicillin
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prophylaxis for meningococcus
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rifampin (drug of choice), else minocycline
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which drug resistance involves changing of binding site?
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vancomycin, macrolides, sulfas (also inc PABA)
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which drug resistance involves modification of the antibiotic?
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aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol
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which drug resistance involves decreasing uptake?
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tetracycline (also inc export), sulfas (also inc PABA)
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Staph causes pneumo in which populations?
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nosocomial, immunocompromised, postviral, some EtOH/IVDU (s.pneumo and klebsiella first in this group)
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MCC pneumo in kids (<18y), adults (<40)
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kids: Viruses, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia Pneumo, Strep Pneumo; adults are the same but no viruses
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MCC pneumo/meningitis in neonates
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Grp. B strep, E. Coli (from vagina); meningitis can also be caused by LISTERA (in neonates and elderly)
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what do you use to kill anaerobes?
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amoxicillin/ampicillin, +/- gentamycin or clavunate; remember, AMPICILLIN HELPS kill ENTEROCOCCI, "HELPS" = G- rods
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pnemo with honeycomb exudate
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PCP
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what does a leukocyte esterase test tell you?
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positive = bacterial UTI
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what does a nitrite test tell you in UTI?
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positive = gram negative
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bug with large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
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klebsiella
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but with metallic sheen on EMB agar
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e. coli
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bug with motility causing "swarming" on agar, produces urease
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proteus
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2 STD causes of genital ulcers and inguinal lymphadenopahty
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C. Trachomatis (L1-L3), painLESS ulcers, painFUL lymphadenopathy; H. Ducreyi, painFUL ulcers
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genital infection in C.Trachomatis L1-L3 vs D-K
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L1-L3: ulcers, lymphadenopathy; D-K: cervicitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome
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vaginitis w/ strawberry colored mucosa
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trichomonas vaginalis
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causes of painful genital ulcers (2)
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H. Ducreyi, HSV2; H.ducreyi is a/w lymphadenopathy
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causes of painLESS genital ulcers/warts (3)
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HPV, Syphilis, C.Trachomatis L1-L3 (Lymphogranuloma venereum)
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ulcers w/ painful lymphadenopathy and rectal strictures
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c.trachomatis L1-L3 (lymphogranuloma venereum)
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in what conditions does pseudomonas cause nosocomial infections?
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AIRuginosa when AIR (or burns) involved
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what nosocomial infection common in renal dialysis unit?
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HBV
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what nosocomial infection common in newborn nursery?
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CMV, RSV
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