5Unit5

Front 1

The impact of boredom and fatigue on people's absolute thresholds is highlighted by

Back 1

signal detection theory.

Front 2

If a visual image is first presented subliminally, the chance of a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved. This best illustrates:

Back 2

that information can be processed outside of conscious awareness

Front 3

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates:

Back 3

sensory adaptation

Front 4

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells ________ it is processed by rods and cones and ________ it is processed by bipolar cells.

Back 4

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells after it is processed by rods and cones and before it is processed by bipolar cells.
p.202

Front 5

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's:

Back 5

audition

Front 6

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the:

Back 6

fovea.

Front 7

Digital hearing aids produce ________ sound by restricting the range of sound _______.

Back 7

Digital hearing aids produce compressed sound by restricting the range of sound amplitudes

Front 8

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the:

Back 8

cerebellum

Front 9

Damage to a region of the temporal lobe essential to recognizing faces results in a condition known as:

Back 9

prosopagnosia

Front 10

top-down processing

Back 10

Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates:

Front 11

Damage to a region of the temporal lobe essential to recognizing faces results in a condition known as

Back 11

prosopagnosia

Front 12

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates

Back 12

Weber's law.

Front 13

Even with sunglasses on, grass appears equally as green as it does without glasses. This best illustrates

Back 13

color constancy

Front 14

The number of complete sound waves that strike one's eardrum in a given second determines the _______ of the sound.

Back 14

The number of complete sound waves that strike one's eardrum in a given second determines the pitch

Front 15

Herman von Helmholtz developed both a(n) ________ theory of color discrimination and a ________ theory of pitch discrimination.

Back 15

color ; place

Front 16

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates:

Back 16

sensory interaction

Front 17

absolute threshold

Back 17

we sense only a portion of the sea of energy that surrounds us but to this portion we are sensitive. Our absolute threshold for any stimulus is the minimum stimulation necarry for us to detect it 50% of the time.

Front 18

what allows us to survive and detect minute changes in important stimuli?

Back 18

The difference threshold or the just noticable difference is low enuf to detect minute changes

Front 19

the difference threshold increases in proportion to the size of the stimulus. This represents what principle?

Back 19

WEbers law

Front 20

what is done to keep our attention on informative changes?

Back 20

Sensory adaptation allows us to diminish our ssensitivity to concstant or routine odors, sounds and touches

Front 21

how do the senses use transuction?

Back 21

all senses receive stimulation. It is then transduced into neural signals and these neural messages are sent to the brain

Front 22

the hue and brightness we perceive depends on what

Back 22

wavelength and its intensity

Front 23

what is the process of light being acknowledged in our sight?

Back 23

1)lens focus light waves hitting retina
2)retina's light sensitive rods and color sensitive cones convert light energy into neural impulses that are coded by the retina
4)impulses sent by optic nerve to brain

Front 24

ganglion cells

Back 24

receive information from the photoreceptors in a small circular region around the ganglion cell(receptive field). Any light from the photoreceptors that falls in the receptive field can influence the ganglion cells.

Front 25

how is sound registered?

Back 25

1)auditory canal
2)eardrum
3)middle ear
4)cochlea
5)hair cells
5)brain

Front 26

explain each step for audition

Back 26

1)sound waves travel thru the auditory canal and causes vibrations in the ear drum
2)vibrations in the ear drum
3)vibrations in eardrum go thru the bones of the middle ear and are sent to the cochlea.
4)tiny hair cells in cochlea are moved by vibratoins
5)movement of hair causes neural messages to go the brain

Front 27

what is our sense of touch made up of?

Back 27

touch
1)warmth
2)pressure
3)pain
4)cold
these combine to produce other pain signals

Front 28

what five sensations is taste made up of?

Back 28

1)sweet
2)sour
3)salt
4)bitter
5)umami
5)

Front 29

smell

Back 29

it is a chemical sense but there are no basic senations for smell. 5 million olfactory receptor cells with their different 1000 different recepetor proteins recognize individual odor molecules. Some odors trigger a combination of receptors

Front 30

bottom up processing

Back 30

this begins with the sense receptors and works its way up to the brain's integration of sensory info.

Front 31

top down processing

Back 31

information guided by higher level mental processes.

Front 32

psychophysics
s h
y y
c s
h i
c
a
l

Back 32

the study of relationships between stimuli, such as their intensity and our psychological experiences of them

Front 33

signal detection theory

Back 33

theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation. We are affected by experience, motivation, fatigue etc

Front 34

there are two categories of subliminal

Back 34

1)sensation: noticeable
2)persuasion: hidden

Front 35

weber's law

Back 35

to be perceived as different two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

Front 36

transduction

Back 36

conversion of energy from one form to another

Front 37

sensory adaptation

Back 37

we get used to old stuff to absorb or notice new more easily

Front 38

wavelength

Back 38

the distance from the peak of one light wave or sound wave to the next

Front 39

intensity

Back 39

the amt of engergy in a light or sound wave, we perceive as brightness or loudness

Front 40

EYE

Back 40

1)light enters thru cornea which bends light to focus
2)from cornea to pupil whose size is controlled by the iris
3)iris dilates to adjust light intake.
4)behind pupil is the lens which focus incoming rays on to the retina this is done by accomodation

Front 41

what is the light sensitive inner surface of the eye

Back 41

The retina is light sensitive. It contains photoreceptors. It receives upside down images. Receptor cells transduce light into neural impulses that are sent to the brain and are then perceived as upright images.

Front 42

what is acuity

Back 42

sharpness of vision

Front 43

Far
r
o
near
t

Back 43

when u are nearsighted objects that are further away are in front of the retina

Front 44

when u are farsighted where are the objects u see focused?

Back 44

the image i see is focuses behind the retina

Front 45

what detects ifne detail, gives rise to color senations and have bipolar cells to help relay messages to the cortex

Back 45

The cones are useless without light so if they dont work rods takeover. also they are concentrated near the center of the retina

Front 46

optic nerve

Back 46

this is a nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

Front 47

blind spot

Back 47

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye..

Front 48

feature detectors are nerve cells that do what?

Back 48

They respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape ,angle or movement. They receive their info from ganglion cells and send their info to the visual cortex which passes this info onto the temporal and parietal cortex.

Front 49

parallel processing

Back 49

the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously

Front 50

young-helmoltz

Back 50

the theory that the retina contains 3 different color receptors one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue which stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

Front 51

afterimages

Back 51

stare at red square.look away. see green square. this goes along with the opponenet process theory.

Front 52

pitch depends on frequncy

Back 52

a pitch is a tone's highness or lowness

Front 53

middle ear
H
A
S

Back 53

it is between the eardrum and the cochlea
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup

Front 54

what contains the cochlea, vestibular sacs and semicircular canals

Back 54

inner ear

Front 55

what has 16,0000 hair cells that allows it to send impulses to nerve fibers?

Back 55

cochlea! the cochlea is a coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear thru which sound waves trigger nerve impulses with hair.

Front 56

what theory links the pitch we hear with the place it is stimulated at on the cochlea's membrane.

Back 56

Hermoltz said thhat the place theory lets us link the pitch we hear with where it is stimulated at on the cochlea membrane. We hear differnt pitches becuz differnt sound waves trigger activity at different lvls in the cochlea's basilar membrane

Front 57

how we hear

Back 57

1) sound waves travel from eardrum to cochlea by the middle HAS.
2)vibration inside the cochlea causes ripples in the basilar membrane which is lined with hair cells.
3)The rippling of the membrane bends the hair and triggers impulses in the nerve fibers

Front 58

frequency theory

Back 58

the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense pitch

Front 59

conduction
o
w
a
v
e
s

Back 59

the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea is damaged

Front 60

sensorineural

Back 60

hearing loss caused by the damage to cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves

Front 61

k
individual body parts
n
e
s
t
h
e
s
i
s

Back 61

kinesthesis is when the system senses the position and movement of individual body parts

Front 62

v
e
sense of balance
t
i
body movement and positioning
u
l
a
r
sense

Back 62

vestibular sense is the sense of body movement and position including the sense of balance. it monitors the movement of the head and thus body.

Front 63

supposedly the spinal cord contains a neuroloical gate control theory

Back 63

the gate is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up SMALL nerve fibers. they are closed by activity in a LARGE fiber or by incoming info from the brain