5Th Six Weeks Vocab

Front 1

in World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, and Russia, along with the other nations that fought on their side; also, the group of nations- including Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States- that opposed the Axis Powers in WWII

Back 1

allies

Front 2

an agreement to stop fighting

Back 2

armistice

Front 3

in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person preforming a single task in its manufacture

Back 3

assembly line

Front 4

a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner

Back 4

autocracy

Front 5

a group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Back 5

Bolsheviks

Front 6

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

Back 6

capitalism

Front 7

negotiations between workers and their employers

Back 7

collective bargaining

Front 8

a large government-controlled farm formed by combining many small farms

Back 8

collective farm

Front 9

an economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions

Back 9

command economy

Front 10

an economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally.

Back 10

communism

Front 11

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans- mainly wealthy landowners and nobles- who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe

Back 11

conservative

Front 12

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Back 12

corporation

Front 13

in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents

Back 13

creoles

Front 14

a system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

Back 14

crop rotation

Front 15

a Russian national parliament formed in the early years of the 20th century

Back 15

Duma

Front 16

on of the fenced-in or hedged-in field created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers

Back 16

enclosure

Front 17

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

Back 17

factory

Front 18

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Back 18

entrepreneur

Front 19

the resources-including land labor, and capital- that are needed to produce goods and services

Back 19

factors of production

Front 20

a series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Back 20

fourteen points

Front 21

a campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all Communist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power

Back 21

great purge

Front 22

a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

Back 22

imperialism

Front 23

the idea that government whould not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses

Back 23

laissez faire

Front 24

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans-mainly middle-class business leaders and merchants-who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments

Back 24

liberals

Front 25

an area extending from central Mexico to Honduras, where several of the ancient complex societies of the Americas developed

Back 25

mesoamerica

Front 26

of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

Back 26

mestizo

Front 27

a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

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middle class

Front 28

a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Back 28

militarism

Front 29

persons of mixed European and African ancestry

Back 29

mulattos

Front 30

the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire

Back 30

nationalism

Front 31

in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain

Back 31

peninsulares

Front 32

one of the organized campaigns of violence against Jewish communities in late 19th century

Back 32

pogrom

Front 33

information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause

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propaganda

Front 34

a temporary government

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provisional government

Front 35

in the first half of the 19th century, those Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

Back 35

radicals

Front 36

the limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy- often imposed by governments during wartime, when goods are in short supply.

Back 36

rationing

Front 37

country-side

Back 37

rural

Front 38

the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live

Back 38

self-determination

Front 39

an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

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socialism

Front 40

one of the local representative councils formed in Russia after the downfall of Czar Nicolas II

Back 40

soviet

Front 41

to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

Back 41

strike

Front 42

government control over every aspect of public and private life

Back 42

totalitarianism

Front 43

a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield

Back 43

trench warfare

Front 44

a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungry

Back 44

triple alliance

Front 45

a m ilitary alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War 1

Back 45

triple entente

Front 46

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

Back 46

union

Front 47

the use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passenger liners) found in an enemy's waters

Back 47

unrestricted submarine warfare

Front 48

city

Back 48

urban

Front 49

the growth of cities and the mmigration of people into them

Back 49

urbanization

Front 50

the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if the promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Back 50

utilitarianism

Front 51

to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility, or the like, esp. in a formal manner

Back 51

abdicate

Front 52

an act of unusual or illegal cruelty inflicted by an armed force on civilians or prisoners

Back 52

atrocity

Front 53

the chief minister of state in certain parliamentary governments, as in Germany; prime minister; premier

Back 53

chancellor

Front 54

he process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other

Back 54

balkanization

Front 55

Production system widespread in 17th-century Europe in which merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural home workers, who then returned finished products to the employers for payment

Back 55

domestic system

Front 56

to grant a franchise to; admit to citizenship, esp. to the right of voting

Back 56

enfranchise

Front 57

a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and later spreading abroad. Fundamentally, each worker created a separate part for the consumer of the total assembly of a product, thus increasing the efficiency of factories

Back 57

factory system

Front 58

an economic system based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand

Back 58

free market economy

Front 59

any object or service that increases utility, directly or indirectly.

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good

Front 60

a share of ownership in a corporation (company)

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stock

Front 61

an economic organization of society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture, craftsmanship, or commerce

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industrialism

Front 62

the body of people who are at least 14 years old and are either employed or available for employment.

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labor force

Front 63

self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues

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subsistence agriculture

Front 64

an economic system that incorporates aspects of more than one economic system. This usually means an economy that contains both privately-owned and state-owned enterprises or that combines elements of capitalism and socialism, or a mix of market economy and planned economy characteristics

Back 64

mixed economy

Front 65

an individual who holds an intermediate position between two viewpoints, neither to be extreme or radical by those applying the term

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moderate

Front 66

an economy in which a group attempts to produce no more output per period than they must consume in that period in order to survive, but do not attempt to accumulate wealth or to transfer productivity from one period to the next. In such a system, a concept of wealth may not exist, and there is a reliance on renewal and reproduction within the natural environment

Back 66

subsistence economy

Front 67

an economic system in which resources are allocated by inheritance, and which has a strong social network and is based on primitive methods and tools

Back 67

traditional economy