570: Exam 3: Spatial Temporal Gait

Front 1

what two terms in gait mean the same thing

Back 1

Gait cycle = Stride length

Front 2

what is stride length

Back 2

initial contact to the next initial contact on the same foot

Front 3

how many steps are in the gait cycle

Back 3

2

Front 4

what represents the functional outcome of walking

Back 4

length and speed

Front 5

spatial and temporal descriptors can be compared to what things

Back 5

- normal data
- minimum functional values
- within the individual (side to side, changes over time)

Front 6

what are the spatial descriptors

Back 6

1) distance
2) stride length
3) step length
4) step width
5) foot angle

Front 7

what is the distance covered in a predefinied period of time

Back 7

distance

Front 8

what is the distance covered with one gait cycle

Back 8

stride length

Front 9

what is the distance covered with one step

Back 9

step length

Front 10

how do you measure step width

Back 10

M-L distance between the heels of two steps

Front 11

how do you measure foot angle

Back 11

angle between foot and progression line

Front 12

Normal values for distance

Back 12

80 meters in 1 min OR 480 meters in 6 min.

Front 13

normal values for stride length

Back 13

144 cm (4.5 ft)

Front 14

normal values for step length

Back 14

72 cm (28 inches)

Front 15

normal values for step width

Back 15

7-9 cm (3 inches)

Front 16

normal values for foot angle

Back 16

7 degrees (seeing 3 toes from behind)

Front 17

what is the time for a full gait cycle

Back 17

stride time

Front 18

what is the time for a step

Back 18

step time

Front 19

what is cadence

Back 19

number of steps per minute

Front 20

what is the normal speed for a healthy adult

Back 20

3 miles/hour

Front 21

healthy adult's time to cover a given distance

Back 21

80 m in 1 minute

Front 22

healthy adult stride time

Back 22

1.1 sec.

Front 23

healthy adult step time

Back 23

0.55 sec.

Front 24

healthy adult cadence

Back 24

1.87 steps/second (110 steps/minute)

Front 25

what is the best functional criteria for gait function

Back 25

speed (regardless of quality of the gait pattern)

Front 26

what is normal speed for a healthy adult

Back 26

1.37 m/sec or 3 mph

Front 27

what are the two things we can affect that will change speed

Back 27

step length and step rate

Front 28

what occurs when we increase speed

Back 28

decrease time in double limb support

Front 29

Normal walking ____ is spent in stance and ____ is spend in the swing phase

Back 29

60% in stance; 40% in swing

Front 30

at what speed do you switch from walking to running

Back 30

2.0 m/s (4.5 mph)

Front 31

what are the two periods of double limb support

Back 31

0-10% and 50-60% (times between initial contact and opposite toe off)

Front 32

what are the objectives of stance

Back 32

1) weight acceptance
2) single limb support
3) progression over the supporting foot
4) preparation for swing

Front 33

what are the objectives of stance

Back 33

1) limb advancement
2) toe clearance
3) forward reach
4) preparation for initial contact

Front 34

what are the critical requirements for initial contact

Back 34

neutral ankle position

Front 35

what are the critical requirements for loading response

Back 35

ankle plantar flexion to 10 degrees

knee flexion to 15 degrees

Front 36

what are the critical requirements for midstance

Back 36

- lateral hip stability
- control the tibia advancement

Front 37

what happens at 0%

Back 37

initial contact: heel meets the floor

Front 38

what happens at 0-10%

Back 38

Loading response:
- shock absorbed
- progress body forward

Front 39

what happens at 10-30%

Back 39

Midstance:
- single limb support
- controlled advance of body fwd

Front 40

at heel strike how does the line of gravity affect the motions at the hip knee and ankle

Back 40

falls post. to ankle and knee and ant. to hip .... ankle PF, knee Flexes, Hip flexes

Front 41

What are the three rockers and when do they occur

Back 41

1) heel rocker
2) ankle rocker
3) forefoot rocker

they occur in midstance

Front 42

what occurs at 30-50%

Back 42

Terminal stance:
- single limb support
- heel rise and weight transferred over the forefoot

Front 43

what are the critical requirements for terminal stance

Back 43

- locked ankle at 10 degrees DF
- heel rise- propulsion phase
- forward progression over the foot

Front 44

what occurs at 50-60%

Back 44

Pre swing:
- Limb unloaded'
- prepare foot to lift

Front 45

what occurs at 60-73%

Back 45

Initial swing
- limb lifted off the floor

Front 46

what are the critical requirements for preswing

Back 46

Knee flexion to 40 degrees

Front 47

what are the critical requirements for initial swing

Back 47

- knee flexion to 60 deg. max
- hip flexion to 15 deg.

Front 48

what occurs at 73-87%

Back 48

Mid swing:
- limb advancement until tibia vertical

Front 49

what are the critical requirements for mid swing

Back 49

- hip flexion to 25 degrees
- DF 0 deg for 1 cm foot clearance

Front 50

what happens at 87-100%

Back 50

Terminal swing
- step length achieved
- prepare limb for weight acceptance

Front 51

what are the critical requirements for terminal swing

Back 51

- full knee extension
- 30 degrees hip flexion

Front 52

what are the two goals relating to displacement of CoM during gait

Back 52

1) minimize excursion of CoM to minimize energy

2) keep CoM under control for balance

Front 53

someone who has poor control of the displacement of CoM during gait has what consequences

Back 53

greater risk of falls/injuries

Front 54

someone who has greater vertical or ML oscillations during gait has what consequences

Back 54

greater energy expenditure

Front 55

balance in the frontal plane is controlled by _____ which is in turn controlled by _______

Back 55

balance in the frontal plane is controlled by the medial-lateral location of the feet which in turn is controlled by hip abduction

Front 56

the gait cycle starts with _____ and ends with _____

Back 56

starts with initial contact (or heel strike) and ends with same side initial contact

Front 57

the stance phase goes from ____ to _____

Back 57

heel strike to toe off

Front 58

the swing phase goes from ____ to ______

Back 58

toe off to heel strike

Front 59

initial contact is at _____%

Back 59

0%

Front 60

Toe off is at _____%

Back 60

60%

Front 61

stance phase makes up ______% of the gait cycle

Back 61

60%

Front 62

swing phase makes up _____% of the gait cycle

Back 62

40%

Front 63

opposite side toe off is at _____%

Back 63

10%

Front 64

opposite side heel strike is at ____%

Back 64

50%

Front 65

what are the two periods of double limb support

Back 65

0-10% and 50-60%

Front 66

when is vertical displacement at its highest

Back 66

in single limb support

Front 67

when is vertical displacement at its lowest

Back 67

in double limb support

Front 68

when is M-L displacement furthest lateral

Back 68

at midpoint of stance on the given leg

Front 69

what are the attributes of normal gait

Back 69

1) stability in stance
2) foot clearance in swing (1 cm or less)
3) prepositioning foot for initial contact
4) adequate step length
5) efficiency