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47 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following government guidelines is the nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of approximately 97% of people in a given sex/age group? Estimated average requirement Adequate intake Tolerable upper intake level Recommended dietary allowance |
Recommended dietary allowance |
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Which of the following phenotypes have been identified with a specific genetic polymorphisms? Bone loss Inflammation Blood pressure All of these |
All of these |
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All of the following are major themes in the dietary guidelines for Americans except Balancing calories to manage weight Foods and nutrients to increase supplements to take for optimal health foods and food components to reduce |
Supplements to take for optimal Health |
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What is the most accurate statement describing the impact of a single gene polymorphisms on phenotype? Every chronic disease has a single SNP associated with it nutrients may alter the action of SNP’s identifying SNP’s is the most accurate method to diagnose disease SNP’s have no effect on nutrient requirements |
Nutrients may alter the action of SNP’s |
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A food group that is missing from the myplate graphic is Meat fat grains fruits |
Fat |
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Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to using dietary reference intakes and dietary guidelines for your clients? An individual who meets the DRI for each nutrient will be certain to be getting optimal amount of these nutrients The only valid advice for each client is to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans developed by the USDA and DHHS Individual variation in nutrient requirements necessitates thorough assessment of each person before offering nutritional advice Dietary guidelines for Americans should never be used as a basis for nutritional advice |
Individual variation in nutrient requirements necessitates thorough assessment of each person before offering nutritional advice |
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Which of the following best explains why a single 24 hour recall is unsuitable for characterizing usual dietary intake? It is a poor assessment of sodium intake food and nutrient intake varies so much from day to day it is a tedious process for subjects subjects often change their usual diet in order to simplify the act of recording |
Food and nutrition intake varies so much from day to day |
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The fact that some nutrients are missing from the USDA database used in computerized dietary analysis systems Can be corrected by analyzing additional days Of intake is not a problem for accurate dietary analysis can result in falsely elevated nutrient values when evaluating dietary intake can result in falsely low nutrient values when evaluating dietary intake |
Can result in falsely low nutrient values when evaluating dietary intake |
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Your client brings the dialog below for your review Breakfast One whole wheat English muffin toasted, peanut butter, one hard boiled egg, 1 cup cantaloupe, coffee with half-and-half Lunch Spring mix/spinach salad, cucumber/carrots, egg, sprouts/peapods, grilled chicken, chopped pecans, light ranch, popcorn, water No snack Dinner 4 ounces baked tilapia, 1 cup green beans, 1 cup spinach, small salad with olive oil and vinegar, water After dinner snack One slice cheese, one slice low-fat turkey To better understand your clients protein intake, what is the most appropriate follow-up question for you to ask? How much peanut butter did you use on the English muffin? how much chicken did you put on the salad? how much dressing did you put on the salad? how much half-and-half did you put on the in the coffee? |
How much chicken did you put on the salad? |
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In the article, fat: an evolving issue, Speakman and O’rahilly, cite evidence that Obesity is primarily a result of decreased physical activity positive energy balance is the only explanation required to explain the increase in obesity genetics has no impact on obesity interactions between Genes and environment complicate the understanding of causes of obesity |
Interactions between Genes and environment complicate the understanding of causes of obesity |
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According to the article, inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type two diabetes, which of the following is an accurate statement? Obesity induces inflammation there is no relationship between obesity and inflammation obesity results in a marked decrease of tumor necrosis factor alpha insulin resistance is an autoimmune condition |
Obesity induces inflammation |
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Physical signs are important in nutritional assessment because, when present, they are specific for a particular nutrient deficiency they illuminate the need to do a dietary assessment they can offer clued into what nutrient insufficiencies may be present they rule out nutrient deficiency |
They can offer clues into what nutrient insufficiencies may be present |
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What is the most likely explanation for a low level of all essential amino acids in a blood specimen? Inadequate protein digestion toxicity from chemicals vitamin B6 deficiency steroid use |
Inadequate protein digestion |
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Front (Term) |
Protein deficiency |
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Front (Term) |
Protein deficiency |
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Which of the following is true about serum albumin levels? It must be measured in the fasting state protein status is the only factor that affects your concentration it’s short half-life allows for rapid response to nutritional changes dehydration results in increased serum concentration |
Dehydration results in increased serum concentration |
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Which of the following is present in filtrate, but is normally reabsorbed through the renal tubule’s so it’s not present in urine? Potassium ions amino acids hydrogen ions uric acid |
Amino acids |
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Which of the following is present in filtrate, but is normally reabsorbed through the renal tubule’s so it’s not present in urine? Potassium ions amino acids hydrogen ions uric acid |
Amino acids |
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Urine with a high specific gravity that is also pale and nearly colorless would be most likely observed in the first morning specimen when leukocyte esterase is positive when glucose is positive when BiliRubin is positive |
When glucose is positive |
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Which of the following best describes an organic acid? Product of metabolism that can be used to identify nutrient deficiencies essential nutrient toxin that must be excreted compound synthesized in the G.I. tract that is necessary for digestion |
Product of metabolism that can be used to identify nutrient deficiencies |
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Which of the following best describes an organic acid? Product of metabolism that can be used to identify nutrient deficiencies essential nutrient toxin that must be excreted compound synthesized in the G.I. tract that is necessary for digestion |
Product of metabolism that can be used to identify nutrient deficiencies |
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The best assessment of glomerular filtration rate is serum creatinine nitrates examination of urinary sediment urea nitrogen |
Serum creatinine |
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In which area has urinary organic acid assessment been the most useful? Diagnosing cancer detecting a kidney infection confirming a heart attack detecting dysbiosis |
detecting dysbiosis |
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Inflammation in the mucosa of small intestine would most likely result in compromise production of pepsin disaccharidases lipase Amylase |
Disaccharidases |
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According to recent research, intestinal hyper permeability is associated with negative hydrogen breath test an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases strong tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells rapid and efficient absorption of nutrients |
And increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases |
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Tonya is a 53-year-old female with a BMI of 26 who is reporting frequent urination and thirst. She is seeking advice for weight loss. Given the information presented here, what is the best assessment to perform on her? A five hour glucose tolerance test measurement of fasting plasma glucose measurement of urine glucose measurement of urine ketones |
Measurement of fasting plasma glucose |
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What is the significance of high levels of fasting insulin? Diagnostic of type one diabetes Associated with metabolic syndrome associated with decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease desirable for optimal glucose control |
Associated with metabolic syndrome |
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Keto acidosis is more likely to be observed in syndrome X in a type one diabetic in a type two diabetic when glycosylated hemoglobin is below 7% |
In a type one diabetic |
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What best explains presence of glucose in urine? It occurs when blood glucose exceeds the real threshold of 160 to 180 mg/dL it is a normal physiological response after drinking one can of soda it indicates kidney disease it is expected to be present 1 to 2 hours after |
It occurs when blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold of 160 to 180 mg/dL |
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Using a functional approach to lower blood pressure, which assessment would be the best indicator of success with therapy? Decreased nitric oxide increased C-reactive protein increased interleukin 6 decreased C-reactive protein |
Decreased C-reactive protein |
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A non-fasting specimen would have the greatest impact on which assessment? HDL cholesterol triglyceride C-reactive protein |
Triglyceride |
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According to the article, a new perspective on cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular disease could be eradicated with appropriate antioxidant therapy current ATP III are the best strategy for identifying cardiovascular risk the most effective strategy for decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease is to lower HDL to below 40 mg/dL cardiovascular disease is a result of a normal protective response to chronic insults to endothelium |
cardiovascular disease is a result of a normal protective response to chronic insults to endothelium |
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According to the article, a new perspective on cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular disease could be eradicated with appropriate antioxidant therapy current ATP III are the best strategy for identifying cardiovascular risk the most effective strategy for decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease is to lower HDL to below 40 mg/dL cardiovascular disease is a result of a normal protective response to chronic insults to endothelium |
cardiovascular disease is a result of a normal protective response to chronic insults to endothelium |
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Which of the following is a clinical determinant of metabolic syndrome? Decreased diastolic blood pressure decreased muscle mass decreased serum LDL-C level decreased serum HDL-C level |
Decreased serum HDL-C level |
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Our relationship has been demonstrated between small LDL size and decreased caloric intake increased cardiovascular risk decreased saturated fat intake increase fiber intake |
Increased cardiovascular risk |
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Our relationship has been demonstrated between small LDL size and decreased caloric intake increased cardiovascular risk decreased saturated fat intake increase fiber intake |
Increased cardiovascular risk |
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Our relationship has been demonstrated between small LDL size and decreased caloric intake increased cardiovascular risk decreased saturated fat intake increase fiber intake |
Increased cardiovascular risk |
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60yo male 20lbs overweight Triglycerides 100 mg/dL Total cholesterol 285 mg/dL LDL 224 mg/dL HDL 45 mg/dL C-reactive protein 3 mg/L fasting blood sugar 110 mg/dL Based on this data, which conclusion is most appropriate? The person likely has low blood pressure and low level of inflammation this person likely has elevated blood pressure and low level of inflammation this person likely has elevated blood pressure and increased level of inflammation this person likely has normal blood pressure and low level of inflammation |
This person likely has elevated blood pressure and increased level of inflammation |
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Although alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker of liver disease, it is also frequently elevated in kidney disease bone disease stroke pernicious anemia |
Bone disease |
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What is the most accurate description of glutathione functions? Antioxidant and component of urea cycle blood coagulation and component of detoxification mechanism blood coagulation and Bilirubin conjugation antioxidant and component of detoxification mechanism |
Antioxidant and component of the detoxification mechanism |
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When jaundice is observed in an individual, it is important to differentiate whether the jaundice is primarily a result of direct (conjugated) or indirect (unconjugated) BiliRubin. The best explanation for this is When liver cells are damaged, there is decreased elimination of BiliRubin by the liver cells only cirrhosis causes an increase in unconjugated BiliRubin when unconjugated BiliRubin is increased, this confirms obstruction of the extra hepatic duct’s when unconjugated BiliRubin is increased this rules out red blood cell damage |
In liver cells are damaged, there is decreased elimination of BiliRubin by the liver cells |
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Of the following choices what is the most likely observation expected with chronic stress? Decrease triglycerides increased salivary cortisol increased TSH Weight loss |
Increased salivary cortisol |
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Which nutritional deficiency is most often associated with hypothyroidism? Vitamin B 12 copper calcium iodine |
Iodine |
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Which nutritional deficiency is most often associated with hypothyroidism? Vitamin B 12 copper calcium iodine |
Iodine |
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Which statement is accurate regarding unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA): There is no risks associated with high levels of UMFA UMFA is unrelated to genetics increased UMFA results from eating too many leafy greens increased UMFA may result from consumption of foods fortified with folic acid |
Increased UMFA may result from consumption of foods fortified with folic acid |
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Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron deficiency anemia? Women of childbearing age older infants children 2 to 10 years of age men 20 to 45 years of age |
Men 20 to 45 years of age |
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What is the best interpretation of a high amount of urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (NTx)? This is a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis this is an indication of excessive zinc intake this is an indication of excess of calcium intake this is an indication of a high amount of bone resorption |
This is an indication of a high amount of bone resorption |
