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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a seizure
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transient disturbance in cerebral function due to paroxysmal neuronal discharge
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what is epilepsy
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any disorder characterized by recurrent seizures (greater than 2 unprovoked)
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what is idiopathic etiology
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constituntional or primary epilepsy with no identifiable cause
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what is a secondary seizure
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seizures caused by a specific condition, which may be treatable or curable
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what are some of the causes of a secondary seizure
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- congenital abnormalities
- metabolic disorders - alcohol and drug intoxication/withdrawal |
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age of onset for perinatal injury
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birth-age 3
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age of onset for metabolic defect
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birth to age 7
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age of onset for congenital malformation
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birth - age 9
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age of onset for infection
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birth to age 20
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age of onset for genetic epilepsy
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age 5-20
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age of onset for postnatal trauma
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1-32
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age of onset for brain tumor
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15-75
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age of onset for vascular disease
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28-75
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what is a partial seizure
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1 part of the brain affected
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what is a continunal seizure
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status epilepticus : seizures last greater than 5 minutes
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what are the types of partial seizures
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simple and comples
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what characterizes a simple partial seizure
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- no LOC
- may affect movements, emotions, sensations, and feelings of freight - may become aphasic - may have auras |
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what characterizes acomplex partial seizure
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- LOC
- ictus duration 1-3 min. - staring spells - aphasic if on dominant side - automatisms - focal EEG abnormality |
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what are the types of generalized seizures
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- absence
- tonic-clonic - myoclonic - atonic |
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when is the onset for an absence seizure
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childhood/adolescence (outgrow by 18)
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what are the characteristics of an absence seizure
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- sudden onset w/o aura
- LOC/staring spell - nonconvulsive - abrupt recovery |
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what does ictus mean
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fall
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what are some characteristics of a tonic-clonic seizure
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- primary seizure
- LOC - ictus, muscle rigidity - respiration inhibited - rhytmic jerking - 1-5 min duration - tongue biting or injuries common - bladder/bowel incontinence - post ictal confusion |
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what does clonic mean
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rhythmic jerking
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what does tonic mean
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high muscle tone, rigidity
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what is a myoclonic seizure
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- brief, shock-like muscle contractions of head and UE
- bilaterally symmetrical - consciousness preserved - precipitated by awakening of falling asleep |
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what is an atonic seizure
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- absence of tone
- person falls if standing or sitting - low IQ <70 (wear helmet) - may be surgically resolved |
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how does surgery resolve atonic seizures
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slit the corpus callosum
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what makes someone a good candidate for surgery for epilepsy
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1) partial seizures ONLY (except atonic)
2) absence of progressive neuro, medical, or psychiatric disease 3) frequent and intense seizures 4) seizures of focal origin |
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______% of temporal lobe resections attain seizure freedom
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70% temporal lobe resections attain seizure freedom
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_____% of extratemporal resections attain seizure freedom
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50-60% of extratemporal resections attain seizure freedom
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what tests can be used to evaluate seizures
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- MRI
- neuropsychological eval - Video-EEG monitoring - SPECT scan (blood flow increases at seizure site) - PET scan - spectroscopy - Wada test |
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what is the Wada test
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angiogram where inject a solution to put the brain to sleep
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a SPECT scan is used in seizures for
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blood flow would increase at the seizure site
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spectroscopy is used to look for what in seizures
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brain tumor
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a PET scan is used to look for what in seizures
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blood glucose metabolism increased to seizure site
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when is a vagus nerve stimulator used
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- if someone is not a good candidate or failed surgery with at least 4 seizures/month
- refractory to meds for at least 2 years |
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what are the results for vagus nerve stimulators
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about 75% of patients have a 50% or greater reduction in seizures
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how does the vagus nerve stimulator work
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implanted in chest and neck and turned on in the clinic and current is adjusted weekly for about 6 weeks
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