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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what diseases does Legionella pneumophilia cause?
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Pontiac Fever
Legionnaire's Disease |
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describe Pontiac disease
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self-limiting flulike illness caused by hypersensative reaction to bacterium
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describe Legionnaire's disease
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severe pneumonia which can disseminate requiring prompt chemotherapy
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Is Legionella pneumphilia gram negative or gram positive
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gram negative
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how is Legionella pneumophilia transmitted?
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by inhalation of infectious aerosols by susceptible individuals
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Can Legionella spp. be found in environmental bodies of water and man made water systems?
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YES
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Describe the distinguishing characteristics of Legionella pneumophilia.
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Pleomorphic rods which are slender and can be long
Can also be coccobacilli in tissues Obligatory aerobic and nutritionally fastidious in that they require L-cysteine and iron supplement |
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Will Legionella spp. grow on a blood agar?
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NO
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how do you treat Pontiac fever?
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prescribe rest and fluids
this is a self limiting agent |
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How does Legionella spp. get into the cells of the host?
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enter alveolar macrophage and monocytes with the aid of host complement by enodcytosis
Host cell phagolysosome fusion is inhibited > rendering the bacteria resistant to killing by immune cell defense chemicals |
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how is Legionella spp. clinically diagnosed?
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Direct fluorescent antibody test is best method
In vitro cultivation to determine L-cysteine and iron requirements for growth is best presumptive test Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar yields small colonies with ground glass morphology |
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How can species ID be acquired for Legionella spp.
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using cell envelopes branch chained fatty acids and DNA sequence and homology analysis
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Is Legionella able to produce a biofilm?
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YES
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How is immunity to Legionella acquired?
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Cell-mediated immunity
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What is ELISA used for in detection of Legionella spp?
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ELIS for LPS antigens in urine are relatively specific
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How can Legionella be reduced in the water supplies?
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elevated temperatures, and hyperchlorination decreases Legionella in water supplies
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Is there human to human transmission of Legionella spp?
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NO
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Have any animal reservoirs been identified for Legionella?
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NO
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True or False: chemotherapy is necessary for Pontiac fever.
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False
It is not necessary for Pontiac Fever Pontiac fever is self limiting |
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what is the drug of choice in treating Legionella?
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Macrolides and fluoroquinolones
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what is a buffered charcoal yeast extract used for?
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clinical diagnosis of Legionella which will yield small colonies with ground glass morphology
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what is diagnostic for Legionella?
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small colonies with ground glass morphology
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what is specific about the branching of Legionella?
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Species Id can only be accomplished by using cell envelope branch chained fatty acids and DNA sequencing & homology analysis
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True or False
Asymptomatic infections of Legionella are common. |
True
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True or False
Hospital should monitor water for infection control plan. |
True
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True or False
Chemotherapy is necessary for Legionnaire's disease. |
True
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Legionella pneumonia produces beta-lactamases. Do beta-lactames get into blood cells for intracellular pathogen.
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NO
this is why beta-lactamases would not be used to treat Legionella |
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Reservoir
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host animal or environment that supports the viability and possibly reproduction of an etiologic agent
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Vector
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organism (often arthropods) actively involved in transmitting pathogens from one host or reservoir to another host
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Zoonoses
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diseases of non-human animals that can be transmitted to human host
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True or False
Pasteurellosis is found in the nasopharyngeal area of every species it had been looked for in except for humans. |
True
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What is a pathogen that is found in animal bites?
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Pasteurella multocida
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what is caused by Leptospira spp from contaminated water?
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Weil's disease
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what are Listeriosis outbreaks associated with?
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soft cheeses
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what causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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what causes Tularemia?
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Francisella tularensis
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what causes Typhus fever?
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Rickettsia mooseri
Flea bite |
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what causes cat scratch fever?
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Bartonella henselae
from animal scratch |
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What causes Lyme Disease?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
from tick bites |
