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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecological succession |
The normally gradual change change in species composition in a given area |
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Primary ecological succession |
Involves the gradual establishment of communities of different species in lifeless are where there’s no soil/sediments. |
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Secondary ecological succession |
A series of communities or ecosystems with diff. Species develop in places containing soil /sediment |
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Inhibition |
Some species hinder the establishment and growth of other species pine needles |
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Tolerance |
Plants in late stages of succession succeed Bc they are not in direct competition with other plants for key resources |
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Climax community |
Eco succession proceeds in an orderly sequence along an expected path until stable. |
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stability |
Capacity to withstand external stress and disturbance |
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Inertia\persistence |
The ability of a living system such as a grassland or a forest just survive moderate disturbances |
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Resilience |
The ability of a living terrestrial system to be restored through secondary ecological succession after a more severe disturbance |
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Population |
A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species |
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Age structure |
It’s distribution of the individuals among various age groups |
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Range of tolerance |
Variations in physical and chemical environment, suitable environment for animals |
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Limiting factor principal |
Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factors can limit or prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors or at or near the optimum range of tolerance |
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Population density |
The number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume |
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J curve |
Exponential growth |
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S curve |
Logistic growth |
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Environmental resistance |
Combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population |
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Carrying Capacity |
The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely |
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Population crash/overshoot/dieback |
When a population uses up their resource supply and temporarily overshoot/exceed the carrying capacity of their environment |
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Intraspecific competition |
When members of two or more species interact to use the same limited resource |
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Resource partitioning |
When species competing for similar scars resources evolve specialize traits that allow them to share resources are using parts of them, using them at different times, or using them in different ways |
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Predation |
A member of one species feeds directly on all or part of a living organism as part of a food web |
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Coeevolution |
When populations of two different species interact in such a way over a long period of time changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other |
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Parasitism |
When one species feeds off the other, and one is helped, the other is harmed |
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Mutualism |
Two species behave in ways that benefit both |
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Commensalism |
Interaction that benefits one species but has little effect on the other |
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At what rate is the worlds population growing |
1.2% .1% in developing & 1.4% in non developed |
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Cultural carrying capacity |
Max number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort without decreasing earths sustainability for future generations |
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Crude birth rate |
Number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year |
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Crude death rate |
Number of deaths per 1000 people in the population in a given |
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Population change |
The number of people being added, or subtracted to a population through births, deaths, and migration Population change = (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) |
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Fertility rate |
A measure of how many children are born in a population over a set period of time 2 types: -replacement level fertility rate: The average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves (2.1 in developed & 2.5 in non) -Total fertility rate(TFR): The average number of children born to the woman in a population during the reproductive years(dropping ex. D= 2.8 to 1.6 and non= 6.2 to 2.6) |
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Baby boom |
Between 1946 and 1964, 79 million people were added to the US population |
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US immigration |
Leads to .7 million or 30% of population growth |
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Life expectancy |
Average # of years a person can be expected to live |
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Japan’s life expectancies |
83 |
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Infant mortality rate |
# of babies out of 1000 born who die before they turn 1 |
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Migration |
Immigration and emigration |
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Age structure |
#/% of males & females in reproductive stages in their life |
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Pre re and post reproductive stages |
Pre-0-14 Re- 15-44 Post- 45-older |
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Demographic momentum |
Deals with babies and population growth |
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Slowing human population growth |
Reducing poverty Education of women Encourage fam plan |
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Demographic transition |
More industrialized countries have slower pop growth |
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Fam plan |
Education and clinical services |
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Fam plan |
Only 47% use it 55% drop in total fertility rate |
