532 - Med Chem Ii - Exam Ii - Steroid Hormones

Front 1

What are the two types of adrenal corticoids?

Back 1

Glucocorticoids, & Mineralcorticoids

Front 2

What are the steroid hormones made from?

Back 2

Cholesterol

Front 3

What do the mineralocorticoids do?

Back 3

Control cellular electrolytes (Na, K) and water balance

Front 4

What do glucocorticoids do? (3)

Back 4

1) regulate carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism
2) regulate the inflammatory response
3) involved in reaction to stress, allergic response

Front 5

What are the therapeutic uses of estrogens? (3)

Back 5

1) birth control, 2) HRT, & 3) Treatment of estrogen deficiency from ovarian failure

Front 6

Where are estrogens and progestins synthesized?

Back 6

ovaries and placenta

Front 7

What are the three functions of estrogen?

Back 7

1) reproduction and development of female sex organs
2) role in ovulation and pregnancy
3) increase bone density

Front 8

Function of progestins (3)

Back 8

1) maintains pregnancy, 2) inhibits follicular maturation and ovulation, & 3) prevents spontaneous uterine contraction

Front 9

Therapeutic uses of progestins (3)

Back 9

1) birth control, 2) reduction of risk of endometrial cancer, & 3) breast or endometrial carcinoma

Front 10

Therapuetic uses of androgens (3)

Back 10

1) androgen replacement therapy (anabolic use), 2) osteoporosis treatment- relieve bone pain, & 3) metastatic breast carcinoma

Front 11

Where are androgens synthesized?

Back 11

Testes and andrenal cortex

Front 12

What are the two androgenic activities of androgens?

Back 12

1) growth and development of male sex organs & 2) development of secondary sexual characteristics

Front 13

Two anabolic activities of androgens

Back 13

1) development of muscle mass
2) reverse catabolic or tissue-depleting processes

Front 14

Beta stereochemistry

Back 14

point OUT towards the reader

Front 15

Alpha stereochemistry

Back 15

point AWAY from the reader

Front 16

Number of carbons in cholestanes?

Back 16

27

Front 17

Number of carbons in cholanes?

Back 17

24

Front 18

Number of carbons in pregnanes?

Back 18

21

Front 19

Number of carbons in androstanes?

Back 19

19

Front 20

Number of carbons in estranges?

Back 20

18

Front 21

hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Back 21

oxides alcohol to ketone

Front 22

3-oxosteroid-4,5-isomerase

Back 22

isomerizes the double bond from the 5-6 to the 4-5 position

Front 23

When are aromatase inhibitors used?

Back 23

For the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers

Front 24

dehydrogenase

Back 24

depends on the environment (NADP+ or NADPH)

Front 25

Lyase

Back 25

cleaves c-c bonds

Front 26

What is another name for reductant dehydrogenase?

Back 26

oxioreductase

Front 27

What is the effect of glucocorticoids?

Back 27

Greatly turns down immune activity

Front 28

What is one of the key differences in mineralocorticoid activity?

Back 28

It is NOT anti-inflammatory

Front 29

Luteinizing hormone

Back 29

Heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the synthesis of testosterone and progesterone

Front 30

Mechanism of action of LH

Back 30

LH binds to its cell surface receptor and increase the intracellular cAMP level via activation of a G-protein, then cAMP activates cholesterol esterase's, which generates free cholesterol.

Front 31

G:M of cortisone

Back 31

0.8:0.8

Front 32

G:M of hydrocortisone

Back 32

1:1

Front 33

G:M of prednisone

Back 33

3.5:0.6

Front 34

G:M of prednisolone

Back 34

4:0.6

Front 35

G:M of methyprednisone

Back 35

5:0

Front 36

G:M of dexamethasone

Back 36

30:0

Front 37

Effect of the 1-2 double bond

Back 37

increases the G activity

Front 38

Effect of 6-Me

Back 38

Abolishes the M activity

Front 39

Effect of a 9-F

Back 39

No M activity and very high G

Front 40

Effect of 16-Me

Back 40

No M activity and very high G

Front 41

Estradiol

Back 41

the most potent endogenous estrogen

Front 42

Estradiol dehydrogenase reaction

Back 42

Interconvertible by estrone and estradiol

Front 43

What is the most active anti-inflammatory steroid with NO minerocorticoid activity?

Back 43

Dexmethasone

Front 44

How do you block the oxidation of estradiol?

Back 44

Block C-17 alkyne- makes it more potent than estradiol

Front 45

What are the structural requirements for non-steroidal estrogens?

Back 45

rigid structure, fixed distance between the -OH's or -OMe's

Front 46

How is estrogen metabolized?

Back 46

hydroxylated at the ortho position to the 3-OH group (2/4-hydroxylase) to produce catechol estrogens

Front 47

Is the C-19 group necessary for pro gestational activity?

Back 47

NO

Front 48

Does the 17alpha group maintain progestin activity?

Back 48

YES

Front 49

Requirements for anabolic activity (2)

Back 49

1) steroid skeleton, & 2) alkyl group at 17 alpha

Front 50

Requirements for adrogenic activity? (2)

Back 50

1) steroid skeleton, 2) ketone on 17 position

Front 51

19-norandrogens structural activity

Back 51

removal of the 19-CH3 group reduces androgenic properties and maintains anabolic activity

Front 52

19-norandrogens (2 examples)

Back 52

Ethylestrenol & Norethandrolone