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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polulation ecology |
The study of populations in relation to their enviornment, including enviornmenyal influences on density and distribution, age structure, and population size |
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Population |
Group of individuals of a single species living in the same area. Described by boundries and size |
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Density |
Number of individuals per unit area or volume |
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Dispersion |
Pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population |
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Can be used to estimate densities and total population size |
Sampling techniques |
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Popualation size can be estimated by either (3) |
Extrapolarion from smaller samples, an index of population size, or the mark recapture method |
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Mark recapture method formula |
N is population, s is original marked sample, n is new sample, x is marked in new sample |
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What decides density |
Interplay between processes that add individuals to a population and those that remove individual |
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Immigration |
Influx of new individuals from other areas |
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Emigration |
Movement of individuals out of a population |
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Demographic events chamge |
density |
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Spacing of individuals in a population is |
Influenced vy enviornemental and social factors |
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In clumped dispersion individuals aggregate in |
Patches |
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In uniform dispersion individuals are |
Evenly distributed |
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Territoriality |
The defense of a bounded space against other individuals |
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Random distribution |
Occurs in absent of strong attractions or repulsions |
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Demography |
Is the study of the vital statistics of a population and how they change ocer time |
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Death rates and birth rates are particularly important to |
Demographics |
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It is useful to study population growth in an |
Idealized situation |
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Idealized situations help us understand |
Capacity of species to increase and the conditions that facilitate that increase |
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Exponential growth |
Population increase ynder idealized conditions |
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The equation of exponential population growth is |
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Realistic models don't have exponential growth and are limited by |
Carrying capacity |
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Carrying capacity (K) |
The maximum population size the environment can support |
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Carrying capacity varies with the abundance of |
Limiting resources |
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Some populations overshoot _ before settling down to a relatively stable density |
Carrying capasity |
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Some populations fluctuate greatly and make it difficult to define |
Carrying capacity |
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Allee effect |
Populations which individuals have a more difficult time surviving and reproducing if the population size is too small |
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Denisty independent |
birth rate and death rate do not change with population density |
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Density dependent |
Birth rates fall and death rates rise with population density |
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Equilibrium density |
Where density dependent and density independent populations have equal birth or death rate |
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Crowded populations |
Have a lower birth rates due to increasing competition for resources |
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Accumulation of toxic waste can |
Contribute to density-dependent regulation of population size |
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The global population of humans is more than |
7.4 billion |
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Human exponential growth started in |
1650 |
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The global population is still growing but the rate of human growth begin to slow during |
1960s |
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For Regional Human populations to maintain population stability or zero population growth they must exist in two configurations |
High birth rate and high death rate or low birth rate and low death rate |
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Demographic transition |
Move from high birth and high death to low birth and love death |
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Most of the current global population growth of humans is concentrated in |
Developing countries |
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While uncertain the average carrying capacity estimate for humans on earth is |
10 - 15 billion |
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Ecological footprint |
Concept that summarizes the aggregate Land and Water Area needed to sustain the people of a Nation |
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Technosphere |
The 30 trillion ton congregate comprised of all the structures that keep human alive on the planet |
