5.27 Respiratory Ii

Front 1

1. How is FEV1 affected by COPD?

2. What is bronchiectasis?

3. What is a Reid index? What condition is it affected in and how?

Back 1

1. decreased

2. chronic infection of bronchi leads to permanent dilation and obstructive lung diasease

3. gland depth/total bronchial thickness; increased in chronic bronchitis

Front 2

1. How is FEV1 affected by restrictive lung disease?

2. Curschmann's spirals are pathognomonic for what?

3. What is paraseptal emphysema associated with?

Back 2

1. decreased

2. asthma

3. spontaneous pnuemothorax

Front 3

1. How is FVC affected by COPD?

2. What is a normal FEV1/FVC?

3. What is centriacinar emphysema associated with?

Back 3

1. decreased

2. 80%

3. smoking

Front 4

1. How is FVC affected by restrictive lung disease?

2. What is panacinar emphysema associated with?

3. Which is early onset/late onset in chronic bronchitis: dypnea and hypoxia?

4. What drug is used to break up CF clots?

Back 4

1. decreased

2. alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

3. early: hypoxia, late: dyspnea

4. N-acetylcystine

Front 5

1. How is FEV1/FVC ratio affected in COPD?

2. What are the 4 types of obstructive lung disease?

3. Is respiratory distress syndrome an obstructive or restrictive pathology?

Back 5

1. decreased

2. asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis

3. restrictive

Front 6

1. How is FEV1/FVC ratio affected in restrictive lung disease?

2. What is the etiology of neonatal RDS?

3. What is a good lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio and what does it indicate?

Back 6

1. increased

2. decreased surfactant causes closed alveoli

3. 2 is good, indicates pulmonary maturity in neonate w/ plenty of surfactant

Front 7

1. How is FRC affected by restrictive lung disease?

2. Which is early onset/late onset in emphysema: dypnea and hypoxia?

3. What cell type mediates the diffuse damage seen in ARDS?

Back 7

1. decreased

2. early: dyspnea, late: hypoxemia

3. PMN

Front 8

1. How is FRC affected by obstructive lung disease?

2. What maternal condition supresses surfactant formation in a fetus?

3. Describe the molecular mechanism by which steroids prevent inflammaton (especially in asthma)?

Back 8

1. increased

2. maternal diabetes (high insulin)

3. binds/inactivated NF-KB thereby preventing the transcription of TNF-a (inflammatory cytokine)

Front 9

1. In which condition does patient assume pursed lips and why: chronic bronchitis or emphysema?

3. Intra-alveolar hyaline membranes are associated with what conditions?

Back 9

1. emphysema, trying to increase airway pressure to prevent early collapse

2. Adult/neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Front 10

1. What is Guaifenesin? What mechanism does it work by?

Back 10

1. Expectorant; works like Clonidine α-2 agonist

Front 11

1. What is the difference between central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea?

2. What are ferruginous bodies?

3. What area of the lung is most often effected by squamous cell carcinoma?

Back 11

1. Whether or not there is central respiratory drive

2. asbestos fibers coated with hemosiderin in the lung

3. central

Front 12

1. Compare the tracheal deviation present in a bronchial obstruction versus a tension pneumothorax?

2. Compare the presence of fremitus in the case of lobar consolidation versus pleural effusion?

3. Asbestos often causes mesothelioma but what cancer will it cause in the lung itself?

Back 12

1. obstruction: towards the side of the lesion; tension: away from the side of the lesion

2. ↑fremitus w/ consolidation, ↓fremitus with effusion

3. bronchogenic

Front 13

1. Compare the location of the lung affected by asbestos and the location of the lung affected by anthrocosis?

2. What area of the lung is most often effected by small cell carcinoma?

3. What type of lung cancer has Klulchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)

Back 13

1. asbestos: bottom, anthrocoses (and all others): top

2. central

3. small cell

Front 14

1. What area of the lung is most often effected by adenocarcinoma?

2. What are the two most common bacterial types found in lung abscesses?

3. What agents are most responsible for interstitial pneumonia? (2)

Back 14

1. peripheral portion of the lung

2. s. aureus, and anaerobes

3. viruses, atypicals

Front 15

1. What is the most common lung cancer associated with non-smokers and with women?

2. What location of the lung is associated with large cell carcinoma?

3. What is the most common agent of lobar pneumonia?

Back 15

1. bronchial adenocarcinoma

2. peripheral

3. strep. pneumo

Front 16

1. HIV infected patient comes in with a fungal-type appearing meningitis. What is the first organism to suspect?

2. Compare the content of an exudative pleural effusion and a lymphatic pleural effusion (similarity/difference)?

Back 16

1. cryptococcus

2. both will be cloudy; transudate has ↑protein, lymphatic has ↑TG

Front 17

1. What agents cause bronchopneumonia? (4)

Back 17

1. s. aureus, s. pyogenes, h. influenza, klebsiella

Front 18

1. Compare the areas affected by/presentation of bronchopneumonia with those of interstitial pneumonia?

Back 18

1. broncho: diffuse and PATCHY; interstitial: diffuse and INTERSTITIAL