521 - Pharmacology I - Effects Of The Autonomic System (By Organ)

Front 1

Sympathetic Effect on Iris

Back 1

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction of the radial muscle, resulting in dilation of the pupil (a.k.a. mydriasis)

Front 2

Parasympathetic Effect on Iris

Back 2

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to contraction of the sphincter muscle, resulting in constiction of the pupil (a.k.a. miosis)

Front 3

Sympathetic Effect on Ciliary Muscle

Back 3

Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation, and enhanced distance vision

Front 4

Parasympathetic Effect on Ciliary Muscle

Back 4

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to contraction for enhanced close vision

Front 5

Sympathetic Effect on Lacrimal Glands

Back 5

Activation of alpha receptors, leading to secretion

Front 6

Parasympathetic Effect on Lacrimal Glands

Back 6

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to secretion

Front 7

Sympathetic Effect on Sinoatrial Node

Back 7

Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to increased heart rate

Front 8

Parasympathetic Effect on Sinoatrial Node

Back 8

Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to decreased heart rate

Front 9

Sympathetic Effect on Atria

Back 9

Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in contractility and conduction velocity

Front 10

Parasympathetic Effect on Atria

Back 10

Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a decrease in contractility and a shortened action potential

Front 11

Sympathetic Effect on Atrioventricular Node

Back 11

Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in automaticity and conduction velocity

Front 12

Parasympathetic Effect on Atrioventricular Node

Back 12

Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a decrease in conduction velocity; AV block

Front 13

Sympathetic Effect on His-Purkinje System

Back 13

Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2) leads to an increase in automaticity and conduction velocity

Front 14

Parasympathetic Effect on His-Purkinje System

Back 14

Reported activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading, curiously, to "little effect"

Front 15

Sympathetic Effect on Ventricle

Back 15

Activation of beta1 receptors (to a greater extent than beta2), leading to an increase in contractility, conduction velocity, automaticity, and rate of idioventricular pacemakers

Front 16

Parasympathetic Effect on Ventricle

Back 16

Activation of M2 receptors (to a much greater extent than M3), leading to a slight decrease in contractility

Front 17

Sympathetic Effect on Coronary Arteries

Back 17

Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation [Dilation predominates in situ owing to metabolic autoregulatory mechanisms]

Front 18

Parasympathetic Effect on Coronary Arteries

Back 18

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 19

Sympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of the Skin and Mucosa

Back 19

Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors, leading to constriction

Front 20

Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of the Skin and Mucosa

Back 20

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 21

Sympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of Skeletal Muscle

Back 21

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation At the usual concentration range of physiologically-released, circulating EPI, the vasodilation response predominates

Front 22

Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries and Arterioles of Skeletal Muscle

Back 22

Dilation (?) [Whatever that means!]

Front 23

Sympathetic Effect on Cerebral Arteries & Arterioles

Back 23

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to slight constriction

Front 24

Parasympathetic Effect on Cerebral Arteries & Arterioles

Back 24

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 25

Sympathetic Effect on Pulmonary Arteries & Arterioles

Back 25

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to dilation

Front 26

Parasympathetic Effect on Pulmonary Arteries & Arterioles

Back 26

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 27

Sympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Abdominal Visera

Back 27

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation

Front 28

Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Abdominal Visera

Back 28

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 29

Sympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Salivary Glands

Back 29

Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors, leading to constriction

Front 30

Parasympathetic Effect on Arteries & Arterioles of the Salivary Glands

Back 30

Activation of M3 receptors, leading to dilation

Front 31

Sympathetic Effect on Renal Arteries & Arterioles

Back 31

Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta 1 & 2 receptors leads to dilation

Front 32

Parasympathetic Effect on Renal Arteries & Arterioles

Back 32

No innervation. The endothelium releases vasodilating NO in response to muscarinic stimuli. These M3 receptors are not innervated; they respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation.

Front 33

Sympathetic Effect on Veins

Back 33

Activation of alpha1 & 2 receptors leads to constriction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to dilation

Front 34

Parasympathetic Effect on Endothelium

Back 34

Activation of NO synthase, via M3 receptors that are not innervated, but respond instead to exogenously added muscarinic agonists in circulation

Front 35

Sympathetic Effect on Trachel & Bronchial Smooth Muscle

Back 35

Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to smooth muscle relaxation

Front 36

Parasympathetic Effect on Trachel & Bronchial Smooth Muscle

Back 36

Relatively equal activation of M2 & M3 receptors, leading to smooth muscle contraction

Front 37

Sympathetic Effect on Bronchial Glands

Back 37

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to decreased secretion Activation of beta2 receptors leads to increased secretion

Front 38

Parasympathetic Effect on Bronchial Glands

Back 38

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation

Front 39

Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Motility & Tone

Back 39

Activation of alpha1, alpha2, beta1, & beta2 receptors, leading (usually) to a decrease in stomach motility & tone

Front 40

Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Motility & Tone

Back 40

Relatively equal activation of M2 & M3 receptors, leading to an increase in stomach motility & tone

Front 41

Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Sphincters

Back 41

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading (usually) to contraction

Front 42

Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Sphincters

Back 42

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading (usually) to relaxation

Front 43

Sympathetic Effect on Stomach Secretion

Back 43

Activation of alpha2 receptors, leading to inhibition

Front 44

Parasympathetic Effect on Stomach Secretion

Back 44

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation

Front 45

Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Motility & Tone

Back 45

Activation of alpha1, alpha2, beta1, & beta2 receptors, leading to a decrease in intestine motility & tone

Front 46

Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Motility & Tone

Back 46

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to an increase in intestine motility & tone

Front 47

Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Sphincters

Back 47

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction

Front 48

Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Sphincters

Back 48

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading (usually) to relaxation

Front 49

Sympathetic Effect on Intestine Secretion

Back 49

Activation of alpha2 receptors, leading to inhibition

Front 50

Parasympathetic Effect on Intestine Secretion

Back 50

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to stimulation

Front 51

Sympathetic Effect on Gallbladder & Ducts

Back 51

Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation

Front 52

Parasympathetic Effect on Gallbladder & Ducts

Back 52

Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to contraction

Front 53

Sympathetic Effect on Kidney Renin Secretion

Back 53

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to decreased kidney renin secretion Activation of beta1 receptors leads to increased kidney renin secretion

Front 54

Parasympathetic Effect on Kidney Renin Secretion

Back 54

None; no innervation

Front 55

Sympathetic Effect on Detrusor Muscle

Back 55

Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation

Front 56

Parasympathetic Effect on Detrusor Muscle

Back 56

Activation of M3 receptors (to a greater extent than M2), leading to contraction

Front 57

Sympathetic Effect on the Trigone and the Sphincter of the Urinary Bladder

Back 57

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction

Front 58

Parasympathetic Effect on the Trigone and the Sphincter of the Urinary Bladder

Back 58

Activation of M3 receptors (to a greater extent than M2), leading to relaxation

Front 59

Sympathetic Effect on Motility & Tone of the Ureter

Back 59

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to an increase in the motility & tone of the ureter

Front 60

Parasympathetic Effect on the Motility & Tone of the Ureter

Back 60

Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to a "increase(?)" [Whatever that means!]

Front 61

Sympathetic Effects on Uterus

Back 61

Activation of alpha1 receptors, in a pregnant lady, leads to contraction Activation of beta2 receptors, leads to relaxation in both pregnant and non-pregnant ladies

Front 62

Parasympathetic Effect on Uterus

Back 62

Activation of muscarinic receptors, leading to a response that varies depending on the stage of the menstral cycle, the amount of circulating estrogen and progesterone, and other factors

Front 63

Sympathetic Effect on Penis

Back 63

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to ejaculation

Front 64

Parasympathetic Effect on Penis

Back 64

Activation of M3 receptors, leading to erection

Front 65

Sympathetic Effect on the Pilomotor Muscle of the Skin

Back 65

Activation of alpha1 receptors, leading to contraction

Front 66

Sympathetic Effect on the Sweat Glands of the Skin

Back 66

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to "adrenergic sweating" at the palms & some other sites Activation of M3 & M2 receptors leads to generalized secretions

Front 67

Sympathetic Effect on the Spleen Capsule

Back 67

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to contraction Activation of beta2 receptors leads to relaxation

Front 68

Sympathetic Effect on the Adrenal Medulla

Back 68

Activation of neuronal-type nicotinic receptors of the heteromeric (alpha3)2 (beta4)3 subtype combinaiton leads to secretion of EPI and NE Muscarinic receptors are reported to play a secondary role

Front 69

Sympathetic Effect on Skeletal Muscle

Back 69

Activation of beta2 receptors, leading to increased contractility, glycogenolysis, & potassium ion uptake

Front 70

Sympathetic Effect on the Liver

Back 70

Activation of alpha1 & beta2 receptors leads to glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis

Front 71

Sympathetic Effect on Pancreatic Acini

Back 71

Activation of alpha receptors, leading to decreased secretion

Front 72

Parasympathetic Effect on Pancreatic Acini

Back 72

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors, leading to secretion

Front 73

Sympathetic Effect on the Beta Cells of the Islets of Langerhans

Back 73

Activation of alpha2 receptors leads to decreased secretion Activation of beta2 receptors leads to increased secretions

Front 74

Sympathetic Effect on Fat Cells

Back 74

Activation of alpha1, beta1, beta2, & beta3 receptors leads to lipolysis (a.k.a. thermogenesis) Activation of alpha2 receptors leads to inhibition of lipolysis

Front 75

Sympathetic Effect on Salivary Glands

Back 75

Activation of alpha1 receptors leads to secretion of potassium ions and water

Front 76

Parasympathetic Effect on Salivary Glands

Back 76

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors leads to secretion of potassium ions & water

Front 77

Parasympathetic Effect on Nasopharyngeal Glands

Back 77

Activation of M3 & M2 receptors leads to secretion

Front 78

Sympathetic Effect on Pineal Glands

Back 78

Activation of beta receptors, leading to melatonin synthesis

Front 79

Sympathetic Effect on Posterior Pituitary

Back 79

Activation of beta1 receptors, leading to ADH secretion

Front 80

Sympathetic Effect on Autoreceptors of Sympathetic Terminals

Back 80

Activation of alpha2A receptors (to a greater extent than the 2C or 2B subtypes), leading to an inhibition of NE release

Front 81

Parasympathetic Effect on Heteroreceptors of Sympathetic Terminals

Back 81

Activation of M2 & M4 receptors, leading to an inhibition of NE release

Front 82

Sympathetic Effect on Heteroreceptors of Parasympathetic Terminals

Back 82

Activation of alpha2A receptors (to a greater extent than the 2C subtype), leading to an inhibition of ACh release

Front 83

Parasympathetic Effect on Autoreceptors of Parasympathetic Terminals

Back 83

Activation of M2 & M4 receptors, leading to an inhibition of ACh release