5.19 Neuro I

Front 1

1. What is the difference between a Schwann cell and an oligodendrocyte? How many neurons correlate with each?

2. Where in the brain are sexual urges controlled?

Back 1

1. Schwann: PNS (only 1 neuron), Oligodendrocyte: CNS (2+ neurons)

2. Septal nucleus of the hypothalamus

Front 2

1. What are the functions of Astrocytes? (2)

2. What cells are destroyed in Guillen-Barre?

3. What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Back 2

1. K+/NT cycling

2. Schwann cells

3. Circadian Rhythm

Front 3

1. What are microglia? Of the three primative lineage lines, which does it come from?

2. What is GFAP?

3. What are of the brain corresponds with satiety?

Back 3

1. microglia are CNS phagocytes; they originate from mesoderm

2. Marker for astrocytes

3. Medial hypothalamus

Front 4

1. What are the embryonic origins of the CNS and the PNS?

2. What senses are perceived by Pacinian corpuscle?

3. Where is the CNS is Ach produced?

Back 4

1. CNS: neuroectoderm, PNS: neural crest tissue

2. vibration/pressure

3. Basal Nucleus of Maynart

Front 5

1. What cells are destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis?

2. What sense is perceived by Merkel's disks

Back 5

1. oligodendrocytes

2. merkeL(lazy): static touch

Front 6

1. What tissue does an acoustic neuroma effect?

2. What sense is perceived by Meissner's corpuscles?

3. What area of the brain corresponds with hunger?

Back 6

1. Schwann cells of CNVIII

2. meissneR(rapid): dynamic touch

3. lateral "looking" hypothalamus

Front 7

1. What senses are perceived by free nerve endings?

2. What is the difference between Endo, Epi, Peri neurium?

Back 7

1. pain/temperature

2. endo: single nerve fiber, perineureum: single fascile, epineurium: bundle with blood vessels

Front 8

1. Where is the CNS is DA produced?

2. Describe the levels of Serotonin and NE in anxiety versus that seen in depression?

3. What area of the brain corresponds with body heating? (HINT: Railroad crossing sign)

Back 8

1. Ventral tegmentum/Substantia Nigra

2. Anxiety: ↓5-HT/↑NE; Depression ↓5;-HT/↓NE

3. posterior hypothalamus

Front 9

1. Where is the CNS is 5-HT produced?

2. What neurotransmitter is effected in Parkinson's and how is it effected?

3. What area of the brain corresponds with body cooling? (HINT: Railroad crossing sign)

Back 9

1. Raphe Nucleus

2. ↓DA

3. Anterior hypothalamus (Think: A/C)

Front 10

1. Where is the CNS is NE produced?

2. What neurotransmitter is effected in Schizophrenia and how is it effected?

3. What are the elements in the BBB?

Back 10

1. Nucleus ceruleus

2. ↑DA

3. Tight junctions/BM/Astrocyte processes

Front 11

1. What is the general function of the thalamus?

Back 11

1. relays station for ascending sensory information

Front 12

1. What are the origins of the embryonic brain, their adult derivatives, and the cavities associated with them?

Back 12

Telencephalon→cerebrum (lateral ventricles)
Diencephalon→thalamus/hypothal (3rd)
Mesencephalon→midbrain (aqueduct)
Metencephalon→pons/cerebellum (4th)
Myelencephalon→medulla (none)

Front 13

1. What does the VPM nucleus of the thalamus relay to the cortex?

2. Draw/label the THALAMUS?

Back 13

1. Face sensation

2. SEE SHEET

Front 14

1. What does the VPL nucleus of the thalamus relay to the cortex?

2. What is the main blood supply to the thalamus?

Back 14

1. Body sensations

2. PCA

Front 15

1. What does the VA/VL nucleus of the thalamus relay to the cortex?

2. What are the functions of the limbic system?

3. What is essential tremor?

Back 15

1. Body motor

2. feeding, fighting, fleeing, feeling, fucking

3. Tremor of a muscle only when it is being used

Front 16

1. What does the Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus relay to the cortex?

2. What area of the cerebellum is responsible for balance: medial or lateral?

3. What is essential tremor and how is it treated?

Back 16

1. Medial=music (acoustics)

2. medial

3. tremor when reaching for a target; B-blockers

Front 17

1. What does the Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus relay to the cortex?

2. What area of the cerebellum is responsible for voluntary movements of extremities: medial or lateral?

3. In what condition is a resting tremor seen?

Back 17

1. Lateral = light (optics)

2. lateral

3. Resting Tremor: Parkinson's

Front 18

1. Draw what fibers are entering/exiting the cerebellum?

2. If there is a cerebellar lesion, which side of the body is affected, contralateral or ipsilateral?

3. Describe the problem in Huntington's patients with respect to the basal ganglia?

Back 18

1. SEE SHEET

2. ipsilateral

3. Atrophy of caudate and projecting neurons disinhibits the inhibitory pathway

Front 19

1. DRAW the basal ganglia pathway?

2. Atrophy of what portion of the brain is characteristic for Huntington's?

3. Hemiballismus is caused by a lesion where?

Back 19

1. SEE SHEET

2. Caudate atrophy

3. Contralateral Subthalamic nucleus

Front 20

1. Describe the problem in Parkinson's patient's with respect to the basal ganglia? (HINT which pathways work/don't work)

2. What are the S/S of Parkinson's?

3. What is the difference between Chorea and athetosis? What conditions are these seen in?

Back 20

1. D1 excitatory pathway is not stimulated; D2 inhibitory pathway is disinhibited

2. TRAPS in your own body: (resting) Tremor, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural (stooping), Stare/Shuffling

3. chorea: sudden jerking, athetosis: writhing. Both are seen in Huntington's

Front 21

1. How is essential tremor treated pharmacologically?

2. Describe the genetics of Huntington's disease?

Back 21

1. B-blockers

2. CAG expansion repeats

Front 22

1. What is the difference between Phase I and Phase II block by Succinylcholine?

2. What is the difference between MAO and COMT?

Back 22

1. Phase I: depolarized, cannot be overcome; Phase II: repolarized, competitive ACh reversal

2. MAO works in the synapse, COMT works in the blood

Front 23

1. How is malignant hyperthermia in anesthesia facilitated?

2. In the treatment of Parkinson's, why can't synthetic Dopamine be given?

Back 23

1. Using succhinylcholine with any inhaled general anesthetic (besides N2O)

2. Won't cross the BBB

Front 24

1. What are the drugs to use for Parkinson's?

2. What benefit do anti-cholinergics have in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?

Back 24

1. SALAD: Selegiline, Amantadine, L-Dopa/Carbidopa, Anti-cholinergic, Dopaminergics

2. improve tremor/rigidity

Front 25

1. Compare spina bifida, meningoceole, meningomyeloceole?

Back 25

1. spina: unclosed vertebrae w/o herniation ; meningoceole: dura herniates ; meningomyeloceole: dura/spinal cord herniate