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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compare epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hematomas with respect to:
1. physical S/S associated 2. arteries affected 3. appearance on imaging |
Epidural: brief LOC w/ lucidity; middle meningeal a.; biconvex (lenticular)
Subdural: progressive deteriorating; bridging VEINS (slow progress), crescent smudge Subarachnoid: worst headhache ever; circle of willis (Berry An.); no CT |
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1. What is a hygroma and what lesion is typically associated with it?
2. Below what T-cell level is an HIV patient at risk for oral candidiasis? |
1. hygroma: replacement of subdural hematoma blood with CSF
2. 400 |
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1. What is a nonsense mutation and its effects?
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1. mRNA point mutation that results in a truncated protein
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1. When does necrotizing fasciitis of the newborn typically present?
2. Compare the side effects seen with sirolimus and tacrolimus? |
1. When the infant is started on oral foods
2. sirolimus: (serum lipid) hyperlipidemia; tacrolimus: neprho/neurotox |
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1. What is Boerhaave Syndrome?
2. Draw the spirometry function w/ labels? 3. Describe sensation innervation of the tongue? |
1. complete esophageal rupture
2. SEE SHEET 3. anterior 2/3: V3; posterior 1/3: IX |
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1. Describe taste innervation of the tongue?
2. Compare the actions of steroid hormones versus those of peptide hormones? |
1. CNVII carries taste from anterior 2/3; CNIX carries taste from posterior 1/3
2. Steroids work in the nucleus to activation transcription/peptides work on receptors or channels |
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1. What tissue are the branchial clefts, pouches, and arches derived from?
2. Where does the thyroglossal duct originate and what can happen to it pathologically? |
1. cleft: ectoderm, arch: mesoderm; pouch: endoderm
2. Thyroglossal duct forms from tongue cecum and if it persists, can become a thyroglossal duct cyst. |
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1. What damage is associated with Klumpke's Clawhand?
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1. Damage to lower brachial plexes (C8/T1)
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2. What causes a ganglion cyst?
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2. Myxoid Degeneration of connective tissue
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1. Diagnose: Progressive ataxia, dysarthria, and kyphosis?
2. What toxicity is EDTA used for? |
1. Fredrich's Ataxia
2. Lead |
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1. Compare the deformities seen in RA versus OA?
2. Which nerves control the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter? |
1. RA: MCP (Swan/Bout)
OA: DIP/PIP(Heb/Bouch) 2. internal: pelvic; external: pudendal |
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2. What is an initial sign of ASA toxicity?
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2. tinnitus
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1. What is the difference between Alzheimer's and Pick's disease?
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1. Alzheimers is diffuse frontal cortical atrophy; Pick's is selective atrophy
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1. What is a Deilafoy lesion?
2. Which brain tumor crosses the corpus callosum and why? |
1. esophageal artery penetrating through the mucosa
2. GBM follows white matter tracts |
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1. What comorbidity is associated with Panic disorder?
2. What is the Moro reflex and at what age does it disappear? |
1. peptic ulcers
2. startle reflex that goes away at 3 months |
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1. What artery is at risk during a knee dislocation?
2. Both Neimann-Pick and Tay Sachs present with neurodegeneration and cherry spot macula. How to differentiate between them? 3. What is the only portion of the kidney tubule to have a brush border? |
1. popliteal artery
2. Neimann-Pick has hepatosplenomegaly 3. proximal tubule |
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1. With most tumors, architecture is a good predictor of metastatic potential. What are the predictors of the same with carcinoid tumors?
2. Other than pancreatic cancer, what the next-worst cancer with regard to prognosis? 3. WHat are the cell markers on NK cells? 4. WHat is the first Ab produced to ANY antigen? |
1. size and location
2. esophageal cancer 3. CD16, CD56 4. IgM |
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1. What is the equation for SEM?
2. What is the equation for 95% CI? 3. What condition are Auer Rods seen in? Where are they? 4. With what drugs are acute nephritic syndrome treated? |
1. SEM=SD/sqrt(sample size)
2. 95%CI=Mean +/- (2)(SEM) 3. DIC inducing enzymes seen in the cells of AML 4. corticosteroids |
