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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The major ( potential) haemostatic agents in
major blood loss are ? |
1. Antifibrinolytic lysine analogues
- aminocaproic acid - tranexamic acid 2. Protease inhibitors - aprotinin 3. Synthetic ADH analogues - desmopressin 4. Recombinant factor VII |
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Definition of major blood loss ?
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Loss of >20% total blood volume
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What percentage of trauma-related deaths are due to bleeding ?
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30%
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In regards to the use of 2G tranexamic acid in trauma, in the CRASH-2 Trial, which is incorrect?
A. There was a significant difference in in-hospital mortality within 4 weeks of injury ( 14.5 % vs 16.0% ) B. Bleeding-related mortality was reduced C. There were reduced transfusion requirements in the tranexamic acid group. D. There was no increase in fatal / non-fatal vascular occlusive events. |
C. No Statistically significant difference
between TA and placebo. |
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In regards to Flail chest, what are considered high risk patients ? (3)
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1. > 8 rib fractures
2. Age > 65 years 3. Underlying Lung disease ** Note: Double fractures of at least 3 adjacent ribs are required in order to produce a flail chest. |
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In regards to Blast injury, which of the following is correct ?
A. Primary blast injuries occur via bomb fragments causing penetrating injury. B. Tertiary blast injury is due to blunt trauma. C. Quaternary blast injury is due to barotrauma to the tympanic membrane and lungs. |
B. Tertiary Blast Injury is Due to structural
collapse / blunt trauma from being thrown by the blast wind. |
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List the Types of blast injury. [4 ]
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Primary blast injury : Direct barotrauma to organs by over/under
pressurisation ( tympanic membrane / lung / colon ) explosion matter |
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In regards to Hanging, which of the following is incorrect ?
A. Complete hanging = feet not touching ground B. The Cervical spine is spared if the fall from hanging is less than the patient's height. |
C. C2#
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What are the 3 mechanisms of injury in
Hanging ? |
1. Cervical spine # (C2)
2. Cerebral anoxia 3. Bradycardic Cardiac arrest. |
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What are the 2 types of Hanging ?
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1. Complete
2. Incomplete Both have body suspended, but complete has feet NOT touching the ground. Incomplete have the feet / body parts touching the ground. |
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What are the 4 Young Classifications for Pelvic fracture ?
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1. Lateral compression (50%)
2. AP compression ( 25%) 3. Vertical shear (5% ) ** 4. Mixed-combination of above ( 15-20%) |
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What does the "MIST" Mnemonic stand for in Trauma ?
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Mnemonic for the Emergency trauma Hx:
Mechanism Injuries Signs Treatment |
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In regards to the Mnemonic for Acute potential Life threatening Trauma Conditions, what does "ATOM CF" stand for ?
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Airway Obstruction
Tension Pneumothorax Open Pneumothorax Massive Haemothorax Cardiac tamponade Flail chest |
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In regards to the Mnemonic for Delayed life threatening conditions in Trauma, what does "PAM DOT" stand for ?
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Pulmonary contusions
Aortic disruption Myocardial contusion Diaphragm injury Oesophageal injury Tracheobronchial injury. |
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Parklands Formula for Burns fluid
management ? |
4 x % BSA x weight
- Over 24 hours - crystalloid - 50% in first 8 hours - 50% in subsequent 16 hours |
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What are the 2 indications for an Emergency
Targeted Burr Hole in Head injury ? |
1. GCS < 8
PLUS : Unequal pupils |
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What are the 2 Main contraindications for
performing an Emergency Targeted Burr hole in the head injured patient ? |
1. No CT brain performed
2. GCS > 8 |
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List the 3 main unstable cervical spine
injuries ? |
1. Flexion tear drop fracture (flexion)
2. Bilateral facet joint dislocation ( flexion) 3. Jefferson fracture. ( vertical axial compression ) |
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Which gains the lowest score in the GCS
assessment : decorticate or decerebrate posturing ? |
Decerebrate = extensor = score of 2
--> severe midbrain injury Decorticate = flexor = score 3 : "direction of cortex" |
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Which is correct regarding Odontoid fractures ?
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C.
A = Type II @ 64% = base of dens B = Type I is at the tip of the dens = 6% # D = Type III has frequency of 29% |
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In regards to Head Injury and statistical
details, which of the following is correct ? intervention . |
C.
A = <20% Head injuries are ( Moderate GCS 9-13 ; Severe GCS < 9 ) B = 1-3% ** Minor Head injuries will ultimately require Neurosurgical intervention. |
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When comparing the New Orleans and
Canadian CT Clinical Decision Rules for Head injury, which of the following is incorrect? |
B = New Orleans : 100% sensitive
vs Canadian 83% sensitive |
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Which has the greater mortality : Subdural or
extradural haematoma ? |
Subdural : 75% mortality
Extradural : 30% mortality |
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Which out of subdural and extradural Haematoma crosses suture lines on
CT brain ? |
Subdural Haematoma crosses suture lines
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