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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the classification of primary injuries in head trauma |
1. skull fracture |
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List the secondary effects of skull fracture. |
1. Acute extradural haemorrhage [temporal bone] |
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Which is incorrect regarding Diffuse Axonal Injury? |
2. It is the the predominant mechanism of injury in neurotrauma |
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Which is not a factor associated with Minimal head injury? |
2. GCS 14 |
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What are the features of Minimal head injury in the Neurotrauma severity scale? |
1. No LOC |
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What are the features of MILD head injury in the Neurotrauma Severity scale? |
1. Brief LOC [< 5 minutes] |
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What are the features of moderate OR potentially severe head injury in the Neurotrauma Severity scale? |
1. Prolonged LOC [> 5 min] |
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What Severity of head injury is the following features associated with ? |
Moderate or potentially severe |
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What are the associated GCS numbers in relation to the AVPU scale of mentation in trauma? |
Alert ===> GCS 14-15 |
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What are the greatest risks, in regards to secondary injury, to the patient with a moderate-severe head injury ? |
1. hypoxia |
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Which is incorrect regarding the secondary survey of the head injured patient? 1. Coma = GCS 8 or less 2. A non-responsive dilated pupil indicates contralateral herniation 3. A more common cause of abnormal pupillary reactions is the presence of direct ocular trauma. 4. A confused patient with eyes opening to voice, and localisation to pain has a GCS of 12 5. A patient using inappropriate words, with eye opening to pain and withdrawing to pain has a GCS of 9 |
2. ipsilateral herniation |
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What "High-risk" discriminators { high risk groups} warrant CT scanning in those patients with GCS 14-15? [ with 'minor' head injury or 'presumed' head injury ] |
1. Intoxication |
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What are the 5 criteria of the Canadian Head Rules that are "High-risk" for neurosurgical intervention, in those patients with a head injury classified as mild, with a GCS 13-15? |
1. GCS < 15 2 hours after injury |
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding Head injury? |
2. 1-3% |
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What are the categories for Eye Opening in the GCS scoring system? |
1. Spontaneously = 4 |
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What are the categories for Best Verbal response in the GCS scoring system ? |
1. Orientated = 5 |
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What are the categories for Best Motor Response in the GCS scoring system ? |
1. Obeys Command = 6 |
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Which is incorrect regarding the use of mannitol in head injury? |
3. short-term reduction |
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List the specific management options for moderate-severe head injury in the ED. |
1. Correct hypoxia |
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What are the indications for intubation and ventilation of the neurotrauma patient? |
1. Inadequate ventilation / gas exchange |
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Which is incorrect regarding the head injured patient? |
1. Albumin has been shown to have detrimental effects |
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In regards to the disposition of the head injured patient, which is incorrect? |
5. Worse outcome is associated with : |
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Which is incorrect regarding severe head injury? |
4. GCS < 9 for > 6 hours |
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(Tintinalli) |
CPP = MAP - ICP |
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(Tintinalli) |
1. Cerebral Oedema |
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(Tintinalli) |
1. Elderly |
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(Tintinalli) |
1. Drug / alcohol intoxication |
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(Tintinalli) |
C. Tend not to develop Clinically significant intracranial lesions. |
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(Tintinalli) |
B. Ipsilateral fixed and dilated pupil + CONTRALATERAL hemiparesis. |
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(Tintinalli) |
B. Between the dura mater and the arachnoid. |
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(Tintinalli) |
1. Frontal poles |
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(Tintinalli) |
Central Transtentorial Herniation. |
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(Tintinalli) |
C. New Orleans : 100% Sensitive but 5% specific for both |