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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What closes during S1? what is starting?
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mitral and tricuspid valves.
Start of systole |
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What is closing during @? what is starting?
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pulmonary and aortic valves.
Start of diastole |
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What is S3 due to?
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Increased blood flow into ventricles during early diastole.
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What is S4 due to?
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Increased venous return or reduced compliance. Or Atrium pushing last bit of blood into ventricles.
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When do you hear physiological split S2?
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During deep inspiration.
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What causes physioglocal s2?
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aortic valve closing before pulmonary valve
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When where is S3 heard?
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After S2, at tricuspid or mitral valve areas. Best if patient lies on left side.
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When where is S4 heard?
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Before S1.
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Which heart sound is associated with hypertension?
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S4
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What do crackles sound like?
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popping, velcro, during inspiration.
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what do crackles indicate?
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fluid in lungs or collapsed airways.
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what do wheezes sound like?
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high pitch, during expiration.
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What do wheezes indicate?
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narrowed airways.
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Explain 6 grades of murmurs
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1. cardiologists.
2. faint but audible. 3. audible with stethoscope. 4. loud, can hear with edge of bell, thrill. 5. can hear with bell off chest, thrill. 6. can hear without bell, thrill. |
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Which murmurs increase as you go down into squat?
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aortic and mitral murmurs.
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which murmurs increase as you come up from squat?
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HCM.
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which murmurs increase as you perform valsalva manuever?
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HCM.
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which murmurs decrease as you perofrm valsalva maneuver?
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aortic and mitral murmurs.
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what is a positive 99, 99, 99 test?
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99 clearly heard is a positive bronchophony test.
Suggests increased lung density. |
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what is a positive ee ee ee test?
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hard sounding AA AA AA (instead of muffled EE sound) is a positive egophony test.
suggests consolidation. |
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what is a positive whisper 1, 2, 3 test?
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positive whispering pectoriloquy is a clearly heard 1, 2, 3.
Suggests consolidation. |
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what are 3 ways of assisting coughs?
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HUFF!
assisted diaphragmatic coughing chicken wing |
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What are the clinical aspects of CHF?
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1. LV dysfunction = fluid backup into lungs.
2. RV dysfunction = systemic fluid buildup |
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What are 3 clincal aspects of COPD?
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1. barrel chested.
2. breathing dysfunction. 3. decreased strength of chest muscles and diaphragm. |
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what is the clinical aspect of pneumothroax? (hydro, or hemo thorax also)
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major breathing dysfunction
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What is cardiac tamponade?
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fluid in the pericardial sac
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what are the clinical aspects of rib fractures?
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flail chest that cave inwards when inhaling
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What are potential causes of S3?
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FIPPY.
Failure of heart. Incompetence of mitral/tricupis. Pregnancy or Pill. Pericarditis or PE. Youth or athlete. |
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What are potential causes of S4?
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THIS
Tamponade. Hypertension or Heart block. Ischemic heart disease (CAD or MI). Stenosis (aortic or pulmonary). |
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high pitched blowing short sound
3rd intercostal space at LSB or Apex radiating to axila |
atrial or mitral regurgitation.
only need mitral reg? |
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medium pitched diamond shaped from S1 to S2
at aortic area like sonar |
atrial stenosis
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rumbling follows openng sound
at apex in low lateral division lub chziii |
mitral stenosis
don'tt need? |
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rough medium pitched long duration blowing sound
best heard at Lower LSB |
HCM
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