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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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significant result definition
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an obtained sample statistic (Xbar) that has a low probability of occurring by chance if Ho is true (and thus, Ho is rejected)
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a statistically significant result does not _____________
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necessarily mean that the result is important (the research conclusion?)
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the p-value
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the probability, when Ho is true, of observing a sample mean as deviant or more deviant (in the direction specified in Ha) than the obtained value of Xbar
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the value of hypothesis testing is that it can be used to _________________________
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reveal differences between mhyp and mtrue that are large enough that we care about them
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effect size
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an estimate of the degree to which the treatment effect is present in the population, expressed as a number free of original measurement unit
tells us the exact strength which the evidence has in fact reached (used along with the p-value) |
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but what exactly is the effect size (ask zuowei)
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but what exactly is the effect size (ask zuowei)
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.2
.5 .8 |
small, medium and large effect
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type 1 error
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rejection of a true null hypothesis
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type 2 error
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retention of a false null hypothesis
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alpha
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probability of a type 1 error
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beta
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probability of a type 2 error
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power of the test
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the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis of 1 - B
the probability of rejecting Ho when it should be rejected |
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5 factors that increase power
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1. greater difference between the true population and the hypothesized mean
2. increasing sample size (decreases the standard error of the mean which makes more power) 3. reducing the size of s (variability) 4. increasing the risk of a type 1 error (level of significance-alpha) 5. using a one tailed test instead of two tailed (but only when the direction specified by Ha is correct) |
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power can only be calculated when
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the true value of m can be specified
however, we don't know this value but we can calculate power for different POSSIBLE values of mtrue |
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power graph shows _, _ and _
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d, n and power
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