507 24/5/2013 Cardiac Meds

Front 1

WHAT IS ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

Back 1

REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART CAUSING TISSUE DEATH

Front 2

WHAT ARE OTHER NAMES OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

Back 2

1. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
2. ANGINA
3. HEART ATTACK

Front 3

WHAT IS REFERRED TO WHEN MENTIONING LIPID

Back 3

CHOLESTEROL

Front 4

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR THE HEART MUSCLE TO PUMP BLOOD THROUGH THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Back 4

1 MINUTE

Front 5

IN THE MINUTE IT TAKES FOR THE HEART TO PUMP BLOOD AROUND THE BODY HOW MAY LITRES DOES IT PUMP

Back 5

6

Front 6

THREE STEPS FOR HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Back 6

1. A SODIUM ION STARTS TO STIMULATE THE CELL
2. A CALCIUM ION EXTENDS THAT STIMULATION TO THE ENTIRE MUSCLE CONTRACT
3. POTASSIUM RELAXES THE CELL

Front 7

DEF. OF DEPOLARIZATION

Back 7

THE EMISSION OF A CHARGE

Front 8

DEF. OF REPOLARIZATION

Back 8

RESTING STATE

Front 9

6 COMPONENTS OF THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART (WHERE ACTION POTENTIAL CAUSES MUSCLE CONTRACTION)

Back 9

1. SA NODE
2. ATRIAL BUNDLES
3. AV NODE
4. BUNDLE OF HIS
5. BUNDLE BRANCHES
6. PUKINJE FIBERS

Front 10

DEFIBRILLATORS DOES WHAT 3

Back 10

1. DEPOLARIZE THE HEART MUSCLE
2. STOPPING THE HEART
3. ALLOWING THE SA NODE (SINOATRIAL NODE TO RE ESTABLISH CONTROL OF THE HEARTBEAT)

Front 11

SYSTOLE REFERS TO

Back 11

CONTRACTION OF THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

Front 12

DIASTOLE REFERS TO

Back 12

RELAXATION OF THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

Front 13

DEF. OF ARRHYTHMIA

Back 13

IRREGULAR HEART BEAT/RHYTHM

Front 14

POTASSIUM RANGE SHOULD BE

Back 14

3-6

Front 15

CLASSES OF DRUGS USED FOR ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA 5

Back 15

1. SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
2. BETA BLOCKERS
3. POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
4. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
5. DIGITALIS (DIGOXIN AND DIGITOXIN)

Front 16

EXAM Q. 2 NURSING CONSIDERATIONS WHEN GIVING DIGOXIN

Back 16

1. TAKE PULSE RATE
2. IV SHOULD BE SLOW

Front 17

WHEN PULSE RATE DROPS TO WHAT CANT YOU GIVE DIGOXIN

Back 17

60bpm

Front 18

WHAT IS Na+

Back 18

SODIUM ION

Front 19

WHAT IS K+

Back 19

POTASSIUM

Front 20

WHAT IS Ca+

Back 20

CALCIUM

Front 21

WHAT DOES DIGOXIN DO (1) AND WHAT COMPETES WITH IT

Back 21

1. IMPROVES CARDIAC PERFORMANCE BY INCREASING THE FORCE OF MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTIONS
2. COMPETES WITH POTASSIUM

Front 22

WHAT IS THE THERAPEUTIC RANGE OF DIGOXIN

Back 22

NARROW

Front 23

SIDE EFFECTS OF DIGOXIN 12

Back 23

1. COLOUR VISION
2. INCREASED URINATION
3. HYPOKALEMIA
4. NAUSEA/VOMITING
5. DIARRHEA
6. LOSS OF APPETITE
7. BLURRED VISION
8. CONFUSION
9. DROWSINESS
10. DIZZINESS
11. INSOMNIA
12. NIGHTMARES

Front 24

WHAT DOES BP DO WITH DIGOXIN

Back 24

INCREASES

Front 25

WHAT IS THE ANTIDOTE FOR DIGOXIN

Back 25

DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB.

Front 26

SUFFIX FOR BETA BLOCKERS

Back 26

LOL

Front 27

FOR ARRHYTHMIAS WHAT DO NA+ DO

Back 27

CONDUCTION OF IONS

Front 28

WHAT DO BETA BLOCKERS DO 4

Back 28

1. REDUCE HEART RATE
2. REDUCE CARDIAC OUTPUT
3. REDUCE BP
4. PREVENTS RISE IN BLOOD GLUCOSE

Front 29

DO NOT GIVE BETA BLOCKERS TO PATIENTS WITH 5

Back 29

1. ASTHMA
2. PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
3. RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME –INSUFFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY TO EXTREMITIES
4. HEART FAILURE
5. BRADYCARDIA

Front 30

4 SIDE EFFECTS OF BETA BLOCKERS

Back 30

1. FATIGUE
2. IMPOTENCE
3. BRAYCARDIA
4. BRONCHOSPASM

Front 31

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 4

Back 31

1. MUSCLE RELAXANT
2. LOWERS BP
3. SLOWS HEART RATE
4. DECREASES OXYGEN DEMANDS OF HEART

Front 32

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS SIDE EFFECTS 6

Back 32

1. FLUSHING
2. HEADACHE
3. ANKLE ODEMA
4. INDIGESTION AND REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS
5. BRADYCARDIA SLOW HEARTBEAT EVIDENCED BY PULSE RATE
6. CONSTIPATION

Front 33

2 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

Back 33

1. AMLODIPINE – NORVASC
2. FELODIPINE - PLENDIL

Front 34

WHAT ARE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS USED FOR 3

Back 34

1. HYPERTENSION
2. ANGINA
3. DYSRHYTHMIAS

Front 35

SIDE EFFECTS OF VASODILATORS

Back 35

1. POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
2. REFLEX TACHYCARDIA
3. ODEMA

Front 36

WHAT IS ADENOSINE COMMONLY CALLED

Back 36

DRUG OF DEATH”

Front 37

DRUG OF DEATH”

Back 37

ADENOSINE

Front 38

WHICH DRUG REQUIRES FULL RESUS EQUIP

Back 38

ADENOSINE

Front 39

WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE SILENT KILLER

Back 39

HYPERTENSION

Front 40

HOW IS HYPERTENSIONS DEFINED 2

Back 40

1. SYSTOLIC EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 140
2. DIASTOLIC GREATER THAN 90

Front 41

EXAM Q. ELEMENTS DETERMINING BP 3

Back 41

1. HEART RATE
2. STROKE VOLUME (AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED THROUGH HEART)
3. TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE (HOW MUCH PRESSURE BLOOD VESSELS CAN TAKE)

Front 42

4 STEPS FOR HYPERTENSION TREATMENT

Back 42

1. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
2. DRUG THERAPY
3. DRUG DOSE OR CLASS CHANGED OR ADDED
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE AND MORE ANTIHYPERTENSIVES

Front 43

INITIAL ANTI HYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION SELECTION 5

Back 43

1. DIURETICS
2. BETA BLOCKERS
3. ACE INHIBITORS
4. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
5. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

Front 44

WHAT DO DIURETIC DO 3

Back 44

1. DECREASE SERUM SODIUM
2. DECREASE POTASSIUM
3. DECREASE BLOOD VOLUME

Front 45

WHAT DO BETA BLOCKERS DO 3

Back 45

1. DECREASE HEART RATE
2. STRENGTHENS HEART CONTRACTION
3. INCREASES VASODILATION

Front 46

WHAT DO ACE INHIBITORS DO 1

Back 46

1. BLOCKS THE CONVERSION OF ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II

Front 47

WHAT DO CALCIUM CHANEL BLOCKERS DO 1

Back 47

RELAXES MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Front 48

WHAT SYSTEM IS THE LONG TERM CONTROL OF BP

Back 48

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Front 49

WHAT DOES ALDOSTERONE DO IN ORDER 3

Back 49

2. INCREASES BLOOD SODIUM
3. WHICH DECREASES SALT EXCRETION BY THE KIDNEYS
4. INCREASING BP

Front 50

2 GROUPS OF DRUGS THAT BLOCK EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II

Back 50

1. ACE INHIBITORS – CAPTOPRIL
2. ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISTS – LOSARTAN

Front 51

WHAT DOES ACE INHIBITORS STAND FOR

Back 51

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS

Front 52

ACE INHIBITORS DO WHAT TWO THINGS AND WHAT TWO THINGS DOES IT LEAD TO

Back 52

1. REDUCES PRELOAD AND AFTER LOAD ON THE HEART
2. PREVENTS ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II
LEADING TO
1. BETTER BLOOD FLOW
2. INCREASES EXCRETION OF SALT AND WATER

Front 53

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ACE INHIBITORS 9

Back 53

1. FIRST DOSE HYPOTENSION
2. HYPERKALEMIA
3. RENAL FAILURE
4. FETAL INJURY
5. ANGIOEDEMA – SWELLING HANDS AND FACE
6. RASH
7. NEUTROPENIA
8. IMPAIRED TASTE
9. COUGH

Front 54

ACE INHIBITORS DRUG INTERACTIONS 3

Back 54

1. NSAIDS –ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
2. POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS
3. POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS

Front 55

WHERE DOES THE ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS ACT

Back 55

DISTAL TUBULE

Front 56

WHAT IS CCF/CHF/HF AND DEFINITION

Back 56

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE – HEART FAILS TO EFFECTIVELY PUMP BLOOD AROUND THE BODY

Front 57

WHAT IS LVF

Back 57

LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE

Front 58

NORMAL CIRCULATION AND CIRCULATORY VOLUME ARE MAINTAINED BY MEANS OF TWO OPPOSING SYSTEMS

Back 58

1. SALT AND WATER RETENTION AND VISCOCONSTRICTOR SYSTEM
2. SALT AND WATER EXCRETION AND VASODIALATION

Front 59

SALT AND WATER EXCRETION AND VASODILATATION DOES WHAT

Back 59

REDUCES BP

Front 60

ONE OF THE FINAL RESULTS OF A FAILING HEART

Back 60

RETENTION OF SALT AND WATER CAUSING OEDEMA AND PULMONARY OEDEMA

Front 61

NON DRUG THERAPY FOR CCF 5

Back 61

1. SODIUM LIMITATION
2. AVOID LARGE AMOUNTS OF FLUID
3. LOSE WEIGHT
4. AVOID ALCOHOL
5. MILD ACTIVITY

Front 62

MEDICATION FOR CCF 5

Back 62

1. ACE INHIBITORS
2. DIURETICS
3. BETA BLOCKERS
4. DIGOXIN
5. SPIRONOLACTONE (DIURETIC AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE)

Front 63

CCF TREAMENT TO IMPROVE SURVIVAL 4

Back 63

1. ACE INHIBITORS
2. BETA BLOCKERS
3. ORAL NIRATES PLUS HYDRALAZINE
4. SPIRONOLACTONE

Front 64

LOOP DIURETIC NAME USED TO TREAT CCF

Back 64

FRUSEMIDE

Front 65

CCF BETA BLOCKER USED TO TREAT CCF

Back 65

CARVEDILOL

Front 66

IS INOTROPE A CLASS OF DRUG

Back 66

YES

Front 67

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON INOTROPE

Back 67

DIGOXIN

Front 68

WHAT DO INOTROPES DO

Back 68

ALTERS THE FORCE OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS

Front 69

EXAM Q. WHAT DOES FRUSEMIDE DO

Back 69

REMOVES EXCESS SALT AND WATER

Front 70

EXAM Q. LOOP DIURETIC FRUSEMIDE ACTS BY 3

Back 70

1. INHIBITING THE NA-K-CI TRANSPORTER IN THE LOOP OF HENLE
2. LOWERING GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES
3. PREVENTING REABSORPTION OF 20% OF FILTERED SODIUM AND WATER (INCREASING URINE OUTPUT)

Front 71

WHEN LOOP DIURETICS AND THIAZIDE DIURETICS ARE COMBINED HOW MUCH DIURESIS IS EXPELLED

Back 71

5-10 LITRES

Front 72

ADVERSE REACTION TO FRUSEMIDE 6

Back 72

1. DEHYRATION
2. HYPOTENTION
3. HYPOKALAEMIA
4. HYPONATRAEMIA
5. GOUT
6. DIABETES

Front 73

CAPTOPRIL, ENALAPRIL AND LISINOPRIL ARE TREATMENTS FOR WHAT

Back 73

CCF

Front 74

WHICH TWO CLASS OF DRUGS WORK TOGETHER FOR CCF

Back 74

1. ACE INHIBITORS
2. BETA BLOCKERS

Front 75

WHAT IS ARB AND WHEN ARE THEY USED

Back 75

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS WHEN ACE INHIBITORS ARE INEFFECTIVE FOR CCF

Front 76

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS SPIRONOLACTONE IS WHAT 5

Back 76

1. POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC
2. INHIBITS THE ACTIONS OF ALDOSTERONE
3. ACTS IN THE DISTAL TUBULE
4. USED IN COMBINATION WITH LOOP DIURETICS
5. GOOD FOR RESISTANT OEDEMA

Front 77

WITH CCF BETA BLOCKERS WHAT 2 THINGS TO BE CAREFUL OF

Back 77

1. USUALLY SHOULD NOT BE USED
2. NEVER USED AT ACUTE PRESENTATION OF CCF

Front 78

NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI)7

Back 78

1. OBS
2. OXYGEN
3. MEDICATION – THROMBOLYSIS/OPIOIDS/NITRATE
4. ECG
5. CANNULA
6. RESTING
7. POSSIBLY ANTICOAGULANT

Front 79

WHAT TWO CLASSES OF DRUG FIGHT HIGH CHOLESTEROL

Back 79

FIBRATES AND NICOTINIC ACID

Front 80

SIDE EFFECTS OF FIBRATES 5

Back 80

1. HEADACHE
2. FATIGUE
3. RASHES
4. DYSPEPSIA – REFLUX
5. MUSCLE PAIN

Front 81

1 EXAMPLE OF FIBRATES

Back 81

CLOFIBRATE

Front 82

Calcium channel blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension because 4

Back 82

1. COMPLIANCE IS HIGH
2. THEY DON’T STIMULATE RENIN RELEASE
3. RARELY CAUSE POSTURAL HYPOTENTION
4. SIDE EFFECT PROFILE OPPOSITE TO BETA BLOCKERS SO CAN BE USED TOGETHER